Characteristics of the three independent cohorts in this study
| Cohort 1: LifeLines-DEEP (general population) | Cohort 2: patients with IBD UMCG | Cohort 3: IBS case-control study MUMC | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPI users (n=99) | Non-PPI users (n=1075) | PPI users (n=60) | Non-PPI users (n=240) | PPI users (n=52) | Non-PPI users (n=289) | |
| Average (SD)* | Average (SD)* | Average (SD)* | Average (SD)* | Average (SD)* | Average (SD)* | |
| Age | 51.94 (13.59) | 44.79 (13.58) | 50.87 (14.49) | 42.45 (14.57) | 51.94 (14.27) | 44.57 (18.24) |
| BMI | 27.73 (5.10) | 25.05 (4.03) | 26.14 (5.53) | 25.58 (4.72) | 26.24 (4.10) | 24.16 (4.11) |
| Gender (% male) | 36.36 | 42.05 | 61.67 | 39.17 | 30.77 | 33.56 |
| Reads per sample | 48879 (43 001) | 55 884 (40057) | 51 081 (43 990) | 52 970 (37787) | 43 807 (28604) | 65842 (119296) |
| Antibiotics (%) | 2.02 | 1.02 | 31.67 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 1.73 |
| IBD (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| IBS (%) | 34.34 | 25.77 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 90.38 | 49.48 |
| Diarrhoea (%) (IBS-D and functional diarrhoea together) | 7.07 | 4.47 | – | – | 28.4 | 17.3 |
| Average bowel movements per day | 1.36 (0.53) | 1.38 (0.61) | – | – | 1.60 (0.81) | 1.92 (1.11) |
| Anti-TNF-a (%) | – | – | 38.33 | 28.75 | – | – |
| Mesalazine (%) | –- | –- | 26.67 | 39.58 | – | – |
| Methotrexate (%) | – | – | 16.67 | 5.42 | – | – |
| Steroids (%) | – | – | 30.00 | 20.42 | – | – |
| Thiopurines (%) | –- | – | 21.67 | 37.08 | – | – |
*Unless otherwise stated
IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease; IBS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome; SD, standard deviation, BMI, body mass index.
MUMC, Maastricht University Medical Center; PPI, proton pump inhibitor, TNF-a, tumour necrosis factor; UMCG, University Medical Center Groningen.