Association between PPIs use and risk of gastric cancer for the whole cohort and according to gastric cancer sites (non-cardia and cardia regions)
| PPIs frequency All GC | Univariate analysis (n=63 397, GC=153) | Multivariable analysis (n=63 397, GC=153) | PS adjustment without trimming (n=63 397, GC=153) | PS adjustment with trimming (n=57 057, GC=139) | ||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Non-user (<weekly use) | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – |
| At least weekly | 2.80 | 1.73 to 4.52 | 0.003 | 2.19 | 1.31 to 3.66 | 0.003 | 2.14 | 1.27 to 3.58 | 0.004 | 2.44 | 1.42 to 4.20 | 0.002 |
| Non-cardia GC | (n=63 366, GC=122) | (n=63 366, GC=122) | (n=63 366, GC=122) | (n=57 028, GC=112) | ||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Non-user (<weekly use) | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – |
| At least weekly | 2.98 | 1.76 to 5.05 | 0.001 | 2.56 | 1.46 to 4.49 | 0.001 | 2.43 | 1.38 to 4.28 | 0.002 | 2.59 | 1.42 to 4.72 | 0.002 |
| Cardia GC | (n=63 275, GC=31) | (n=63 275, GC=31) | (n=63 275, GC=31) | (n=56 947, GC=27) | ||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Non-user (<weekly use) | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – |
| At least weekly | 2.10 | 0.64 to 6.90 | 0.222 | 1.24 | 0.35 to 4.34 | 0.736 | 1.26 | 0.35 to 4.52 | 0.722 | 1.97 | 0.57 to 6.82 | 0.286 |
Significant p values were highlighted in bold.
GC, gastric cancer; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors; PS, propensity score.