HRs and 95% CIs for the association between frequency and duration of PPIs use and risk of gastric cancer (propensity score adjustment with trimming)
| PPIs frequency | Dose–response relationship (n=57 057, GC=139) | ||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p Value | |||||||
| Non-user (<weekly use) | Ref | – | – | ||||||
| Weekly to <daily | 2.43 | 1.37 to 4.31 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Daily | 4.55 | 1.12 to 18.52 | 0.034 | ||||||
| PPIs frequency | PPIs use ≥1 year (n=50 932, GC=112) | PPIs use ≥2 years (n=49 462, GC=88) | PPIs use ≥3 years (n=48 511, GC=69) | ||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Non-user (<weekly use) | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – | Ref | – | – |
| Weekly to <daily | 1.81 | 0.90–3.64 | 0.098 | 0.98 | 0.31–3.17 | 0.979 | 0.58 | 0.08–4.23 | 0.590 |
| Daily | 5.04 | 1.23–20.61 | 0.024 | 6.65 | 1.62–27.26 | 0.009 | 8.34 | 2.02–34.41 | 0.004 |
Significant p Values were highlighted in bold.
GC, gastric cancer; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors.