Clinical characteristics of patients with IBD and healthy controls
| Average (SD) or count (%) | CD only | Ileal CD only | Colonic CD only | Ileocolonic CD only | UC only | IBDU/IBDI only | IBD | Healthy controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of samples | 188 | 68 | 36 | 78 | 107 | 18 | 313 | 582 |
| Sequence read depth (SD) | 47 730 (37 278) | 44 610 (36 541) | 49 870 (39 818) | 48 060 (37 803) | 49 090 (37 050) | 66 653 (43 157) | 48 820 (37 539) | 48 740 (29 705) |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age (SD) | 41.3 (14.5) | 42.54 (14.15) | 42.39 (14.5) | 39.9 (14.7) | 47.3 (14.6) | 44.1 (16.8) | 43.6 (14.8) | 45.9 (13.7) |
| Gender (M/F) (%) | 62/126 (33/67%) | 23/45 (33/66%) | 12/24 (33/66%) | 25/53 (32/67%) | 52/55 (48/51%) | 7/11 (39/61%) | 122/191 (39/61%) | 302/280 (52/48%) |
| Weight and BMI | ||||||||
| Weight (SD) | 75.7 (16.2) | 77.5 (17.2) | 74.4 (14.3) | 74.9 (16.3) | 81.27 (16.1) | 84.9 (27.1) | 78.2 (17.1) | 77.4 (13.3) |
| BMI (SD) | 24.9 (4.6) | 25.0 (4.9) | 25.1 (4.6) | 24.7 (4.7) | 26.46 (4.4) | 27.9 (8.3) | 25.4 (4.9) | 24.9 (3.7) |
| Disease location | ||||||||
| Ileum (%) | 68 (36%) | 68 (100%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 68(4%) | NA |
| Colon (%) | 36 (19%) | NA | 36 (100%) | NA | 106 (99%) | 8 (44%) | 152 (48%) | NA |
| Both (%) | 78 (41%) | NA | NA | 78 (100%) | NA | 2 (11%) | 80 (25%) | NA |
| Disease activity | ||||||||
| CRP (SD) | 10.7 (16.63) | 11.1 (21.3) | 15.0 (18.8) | 8.8 (9.4) | 6.2 (7.3) | 7.29 (8.6) | 8.9 (13.7) | NA |
| Faecal calprotectin (SD) | 390.1 (535.1) | 296.9 (533.3) | 445.6 (693.2) | 432.4 (437.6) | 776.6 (1986.8) | 870.2 (1166.4) | 531.9 (1220.3) | NA |
| Harvey–Bradshaw index (SD) | 3.45 (3.86) | 3.25 (3.18) | 3.8 (4.7) | 3.6 (4.13) | NA | NA | 3.45 (3.86) | NA |
| SCCAI (SD) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.8 (2.2) | 1.4 (2.0) | 1.8 (2.2) | NA |
| Disease duration and age at diagnosis | ||||||||
| Disease duration in years (SD) | 12.36 (9.13) | 12.73 (9.0) | 12.14 (8.6) | 12.14 (9.7) | 11.21 (8.48) | 10.5 (8.93) | 11.8 (8.8) | NA |
| Age at diagnosis (years) (SD) | 28.9 (12.4) | 29.9 (11.3) | 30.2 (15.3) | 27.8 (11.8) | 36.08 (14.4) | 32.5 (17.2) | 31.8 (13.7) | NA |
| Disease behaviour Crohn's disease | ||||||||
| Montreal classification B1 | 104 (55%) | 33 (48%) | 28 (77%) | 41 (52%) | NA | NA | 104 (55%) | NA |
| Montreal classification B2 | 59 (31%) | 26 (38%) | 5 (13%) | 25 (32%) | NA | NA | 59 (31%) | NA |
| Montreal classification B3 | 25 (13%) | 9 (13%) | 3 (8%) | 12 (15%) | NA | NA | 25 (13%) | NA |
| Disease severity UC | ||||||||
| Montreal classification S1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 6 (5%) | NA | 6 (5%) | NA |
| Montreal classification S2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 39 (36%) | NA | 39 (36%) | NA |
| Montreal classification S3 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 44 (41%) | NA | 44 (41%) | NA |
| Montreal classification S4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 17 (15%) | NA | 17 (15%) | NA |
| Serology | ||||||||
| ANCA pos/neg (%) | 55/127 (30/67%) | 18/49 (26/72%) | 14/19 (39/52%) | 18/49 (72/26%) | 53/49 (50/45%) | 8/10 (44/56%) | 116/186 (37/69%) | NA |
| ASCA pos/neg (%) | 85/92 (44/49%) | 38/28 (56/41%) | 8/24 (22/66%) | 37/38 (47/49%) | 16/85 (80/14%) | 2/16 (11/88%) | 102/194 (32/62%) | NA |
| Birth and breast feeding | ||||||||
| Vaginal birth | 160 (85%) | 58 (85%) | 31 (86%) | 66 (84%) | 93 (87%) | 18 (100%) | 269 (85%) | NA |
| Caesarian section | 5 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (2%) | NA |
| Breast fed | 96 (51%) | 36 (53%) | 22 (61%) | 36 (46%) | 62 (58%) | 11 (61%) | 169 (54%) | NA |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Current smokers | 58 (31%) | 24 (35%) | 12 (33%) | 24 (35%) | 15 (14%) | 4 (22%) | 77 (25%) | 98 (17%) |
| IBD medication | ||||||||
| Mesalazine | 12 (6%) | 6 (9%) | 1 (2%) | 5 (6%) | 87 (81%) | 3 (17%) | 113 (36%) | 0 (0%) |
| Steroids | 40 (21%) | 8 (11%) | 9 (25%) | 20 (26%) | 18 (17%) | 5 (28%) | 60 (19%) | 0 (0%) |
| Thiopurines | 67 (36%) | 27 (40%) | 15 (42%) | 23 (30%) | 32 (30%) | 6 (33%) | 104 (33%) | 0 (0%) |
| Methotrexate | 22 (11%) | 6 (9%) | 3 (8%) | 12 (15%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 23 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
| Anti-TNF α | 79 (42%) | 26 (38%) | 18 (50%) | 34 (44%) | 10 (9%) | 3 (17%) | 92 (29%) | 0 (0%) |
| Other medication | ||||||||
| Antibiotics | 41 (21%) | 13 (19%) | 11 (39%) | 17 (21%) | 15 (14%) | 4 (22%) | 59 (19%) | 0 (0%) |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 44 (23%) | 16 (24%) | 6 (17%) | 21 (27%) | 13 (12%) | 2 (11%) | 60 (19%) | 26 (4%) |
| Antidiarrhoeal | 29 (16%) | 14 (3%) | 2 (5%) | 13 (17%) | 4 (3%) | 1 (5%) | 33 (11%) | 0 (0%) |
| Bile salts | 3 (1%) | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (2%) | 1 (5%) | 7 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Immunosuppressants | 92 (51%) | 32 (51%) | 19 (55%) | 38 (50%) | 38 (36%) | 5 (30%) | 135 (44%) | 0 (0%) |
| Mineral | 5 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (8%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Osteoporosis medication | 5 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (2%) | NA |
| Vitamins | 74 (41%) | 34 (52%) | 5 (14%) | 32 (42%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (11%) | 78 (25%) | 0 (0%) |
| Self-reported diets | ||||||||
| Diabetes diet | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Fat-limited diet | 6 (3%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (3%) | 4 (4%) | 1 (5%) | 11 (4%) | 9 (2%) |
| Vegetarian diet | 9 (5%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (8%) | 5 (7%) | 6 (6%) | 1 (5%) | 15 (5%) | 39 (7%) |
| Other diet | 18 (10%) | 6 (9%) | 4 (11%) | 8 (11%) | 10 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 28 (9%) | 23(4%) |
ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; ASCA, anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies; BMI, body mass index; CD, Crohn's disease; CRP, C reactive protein; IBDI, IBD intermediate; IBDU, IBD undetermined; SCCAI, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α.