Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients included in the study
| Characteristics | IFX non-responders* | IFX responders* |
| Cohort validation 1—biopsy IHC | ||
| Biopsy number | 8 | 12 |
| IBD type (CD/UC/IBDU) | 3/4/1 | 8/4/0 |
| Analysed biopsy (normal/inflamed) | 3/5 | 3/9 |
| Gender (M/F) | 3/5 | 3/9 |
| Age (years) | 40.3±12.5 | 47.2±19.1 |
| Disease duration (years) | 12.5±4.3 | 17±4.2 |
| Age at diagnosis (A1/A2/A3/NA)† | 1/3/0/4 | 0/4/4/4 |
| Location (L1/L2/L3/NA) for CD‡ | 0/1/1/1 | 0/3/3/2 |
| Location (E1/E2/E3/NA) for UC§ | 0/1/2/1 | 0/0/3/1 |
| Behaviour (B1/B2/B3/NA) for CD¶ | 0/0/2/1 | 2/0/1/5 |
| Perianal disease (yes/no) | 3/5 | 1/11 |
| Biopsy location** | 2/0/1/1/2/0/2 | 3/2/2/1/2/0/2 |
| Concurrent therapy (steroids/thiopurine/antibiotics)†† | 1/2/0 | 2/1/0 |
| Past anti-TNFα (adalimumab) exposure (yes/no) | 2/6 | 1/11 |
| Time range prior to treatment (month) | 0 (0–3) | 7 (0–93) |
| Cohort validation 2—biopsy IHC | ||
| Medical centre (RHHC/TASMC) | 6/17 | 15/14 |
| Patient number | 23 | 29 |
| IBD type (CD/UC) | 9/14 | 20/9 |
| Analysed biopsy (normal/inflamed) | 1/22 | 2/27 |
| Gender (M/F) | 11/12 | 12/17 |
| Age (years) | 44.3±11.7 | 34±13 |
| Disease duration (years) | 14.8±9.6 | 9.6±7.8 |
| Age at diagnosis (A1/A2/A3)† | 3/13/7 | 4/22/3 |
| Location (L1/L2/L3) for CD‡ | 0/3/6 | 0/9/11 |
| Location (E1/E2/E3) for UC§ | 0/7/7 | 0/3/6 |
| Behaviour (B1/B2/B3) for CD¶ | 7/0/2 | 16/4/0 |
| Perianal disease (yes/no) | 3/20 | 10/19 |
| Biopsy location** | 2/0/6/9/5/1 | 2/0/3/5/0/4 |
| Concurrent therapy (steroids/thiopurine/antibiotics)†† | 10/5/2 | 13/12/2 |
| Past anti-TNFα (adalimumab) exposure (yes/no) | 1/22 | 0/29 |
| Time range prior to treatment (median month) | 1 (0–3) | 2 (0–10) |
| Cohort 3—blood gene expression | ||
| Patient number | 5 | 17 |
| IBD type (CD/UC) | 5/0 | 17/0 |
| Gender (M/F) | 2/3 | 11/6 |
| Age (years) | 40±14.9 | 36.1±13.6 |
| Disease duration (years) | 10.4±9 | 8.5±8.9 |
| Age at diagnosis (A1/A2/A3)† | 2/2/1 | 1/13/3 |
| Location (L1/L2/L3)‡ | 1/1/3 | 8/1/8 |
| Behaviour (B1/B2/B3)§ | 1/2/2 | 5/7/5 |
| Perianal disease (yes/no) | 3/2 | 3/14 |
| Concurrent therapy (steroids/thiopurine/antibiotics) | 2/5/0 | 9/11/0 |
| HBI‡‡ | 7.2±8.6 (0–22) | 3.6±3.5 (0–13) |
| Calprotectin‡‡ | 1765 (30–1800) | 604 (30–1800) |
| CRP‡‡ | 24.8±29.5 (3.1–83) | 17.8±29.3 (1.6–126) |
*According to response classification as detailed in ‘Methods’.
†Montreal classification—age <16 years/17–40 years/>40 years.
‡Montreal classification—ileal/colonic/ileocolonic.
§Montreal classification—proctitis/left-side/pancolitis.
¶Montreal classification—inflammatory/structuring/penetrating.
**Ascending colon/transverse colon/descending colon/sigmoid/rectum/non-informed colonic segment/small intestine.
††For cohorts 1–2—at the time when biopsy was taken. For cohort 3—concurrent with IFX.
‡‡At baseline.
CD, Crohn’s disease; CRP, C reactive protein; F, female; IBDU, IBD unclassified; IFX, infliximab; IHC, immunohistochemistry; M, male; RHCC, Rambam Health Care Campus; TASMC, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha.