Risk factors of enterocolitis due to immune checkpoint inhibitors
| Risk factors | References | |
| Type of ICI | Combotherapy>anti-CTLA-4>anti-PD-1 | Tandon et al 9 |
| Dose of ICI | Dose-dependant toxicity with anti-CTLA-4 | Ascierto et al 11 |
| NSAIDs use | Suggested with anti-CTLA-4 | Marthey et al 25 |
| Pre-existing IBD | About 30% risk of relapse with anti-CTLA-4; not reported with anti-PD-1 | Johnson et al
12 Kähler et al 13 Menzies et al 15 |
| Microbiota | Baseline microbiota enriched in Firmicutes and poor in Bacteroidetes with anti-CTLA-4 | Chaput et al 84 |
| Tumour histology | Increased risk in melanoma as compared with NSCLC and RCC with anti-PD-1 | Khoja et al
7 Wang et al 8 |
CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; PD-1, programmed death-1; RCC, renal cell carcinoma.