Characteristics of high and low TMAO producers
| Low producer (n=14) | High producer (n=14) | P values | |
| Female (n (%)) | 9 (64) | 11 (78) | |
| Age (years) | 30.86±7.84 | 32.64±8.33 | 0.5644 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.49±3.58 | 21.02±3.25 | 0.2653 |
| Genotype FMO3-SNP (n (%)) | |||
| Glu158Lys – AAG | 2 (14.3) | 4 (28.6) | |
| Glu308Gly – GGG | 2 (14.3) | 2 (14.3) | |
| Plasma | |||
| Glucose-AC (mg/dL) | 71.14±9.54 | 71.21±10.05 | 0.9848 |
| AST (U/L) | 12.64±5.40 | 14.50±7.71 | 0.4672 |
| ALT (U/L) | 8.93±6.89 | 14.43±20.14 | 0.3426 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 10.32±3.76 | 11.22±1.70 | 0.4223 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.55±0.17 | 0.57±0.09 | 0.6746 |
| T-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 159.07±29.13 | 169.43±30.15 | 0.3638 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 73.43±39.96 | 99.93±84.73 | 0.2996 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 92.93±27.84 | 91.64±14.43 | 0.8792 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.05±0.04 | 0.08±0.09 | 0.2924 |
| TMAO (µM) | 1.49±0.54 | 5.62±8.27 | 0.0737 |
| Carnitine (µM) | 46.53±29.31 | 58.64±28.42 | 0.2774 |
| Urine | |||
| TMAO (nmol/mmol Cr) | 30.42±15.62 | 125.02±175.14 | 0.0546 |
| Carnitine (nmol/mmol Cr) | 6.02±8.32 | 15.26±46.00 | 0.4665 |
*The p value is from the comparison between the high and low producers using Student’s t-test. Values are the mean±SEM.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; FMO3, flavin monooxygenase; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide.