Analysis of antibiotic class exposures and hazard of developing obesity
| Total exposed | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||
| Beta-lactam penicillin | 72 809 | 1.17 | 1.15 to 1.19 | 1.07 | 1.04 to 1.09 |
| Penicillin | 201 293 | 1.20 | 1.18 to 1.22 | 1.11 | 1.09 to 1.13 |
| Cephalosporin | 83 207 | 1.15 | 1.13 to 1.17 | 1.03 | 1.01 to 1.06 |
| Sulfonamides* | 27 305 | 1.21 | 1.18 to 1.25 | M: 1.05 F: 1.19 | M: 1.01 to 1.10 F: 1.14 to 1.24 |
| Macrolides | 84 578 | 1.21 | 1.19 to 1.24 | 1.12 | 1.10 to 1.15 |
| Other | 6052 | 1.38 | 1.31 to 1.47 | 1.24 | 1.17 to 1.32 |
Adjusted for caesarean section, sex and other medication exposures.
Other antibiotics category includes fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, doxycycline, vancomycin and linezolid.
*A significant interaction was found between sex and sulfonamide prescriptions. The effect of sex was adjusted through a stratified Cox proportional hazards model.
F, female; M, male.