ORs and 95% CIs of gastric cancer associated with PPI and covariates
| Variable | Crude | Adjusted† | ||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Gender | ||||
| Women | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| Men | 1.00 | 0.84 to 1.20 | – | – |
| Age, years | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02*** | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02*** |
| Monthly income (NTD) | ||||
| <15 000 | 1.36 | 1.10 to 1.75* | 1.91 | 1.41 to 2.58*** |
| 15 000–19 999 | 1.33 | 1.07 to 1.64** | 1.24 | 0.96 to 1.60 |
| ≥20 000 | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| Occupation | ||||
| White collar | 1.57 | 1.24 to 1.99*** | 2.44 | 1.82 to 3.29*** |
| Blue collar | 1.48 | 1.17 to 1.87*** | 2.18 | 1.55 to 3.05*** |
| Others‡ | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| Medications | ||||
| PPI | 2.93 | 2.33 to 3.68*** | 2.48 | 1.92 to 3.20*** |
| H2RA | 1.35 | 1.04 to 1.75*** | 1.05 | 0.79 to 1.40 |
| Gastric cancer | ||||
| None | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference |
| Proximal gastric cancer (151.0, 151.3, 151.4) | 3.43 | 1.90 to 6.18*** | 2.58 | 1.38 to 4.83*** |
| Distal gastric cancer (151.1, 151.2) | 5.00 | 2.29 to 10.9*** | 3.33 | 1.49 to 7.45*** |
| Unspecified gastric cancer (151.5, 151.6, 151.8, 151.9) | 3.38 | 2.53 to 4.53*** | 2.64 | 1.92 to 3.63*** |
*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.
†Adjusted for age, monthly income, occupation, H2 receptor antagonists, gastric disease, gastric polyp and stroke
‡ Other occupations included primarily retired, unemployed or low income populations.
H2RA, H2 receptor antagonists; NTD, new Taiwan dollar; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.