Endoscopic scores | Endoscopic technique | Endoscopic findings | Validation | Pros | Cons |
Mayo endoscopy subscore13 | WLE | Vascular pattern, erythema, friability, erosions and ulceration, bleeding | Partially validated | Easy to use Widely used in clinical trials | No endoscopic definition of MH overlap grade 1–2; subjective elements |
Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity14 | WLE | Vascular pattern (three levels), bleeding (four levels), ulceration (four levels) | Validated | Easy to use Closely correlated with clinical activity Validated | No endoscopic definition of MH No thresholds for mild, moderate and severe disease No definition of superficial vs deep ulcer |
Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopic Index of Severity15 | WLE | Vascular pattern, granularity, lesions, friability/bleeding | Partially validated | Easy to use Partially validated | Requires total colonoscopy No definition of MH No thresholds for mild, moderate and severe disease Developed in a single centre |
Modified Mayo endoscopic score16 | WLE | Vascular pattern, granularity, friability, bleeding, ulceration | Not validated | Easy to use Significant correlation with clinical activity | No established thresholds for mild, moderate and severe disease |
Magnifying Colonoscopy UC grade29 | NBI+magnification | Grade 1: pits small, round and regularly arranged Grade2: pits rather large, oval and somewhat irregular in arrangement Grade 3: pits of various shapes and sizes and irregularly arranged Grade4: dispersed pits varying in morphology, associated with the presence of small erosion | Not validated | Endoscopic definition of MH | Difficult to be adopted in clinical practice Required advanced endoscopic technologies and expertise No threshold of different grade of inflammation |
Paddington International Virtual ChromoendoScopy ScOre21 | VCE-iSCAN | See table 2 | Partially validated | Definition of mucosal and vascular MH Correlate with histological healing | Requires endoscopy experience No threshold for different levels of inflammation and healing No clinical outcome |
LCI34 | LASEREO LCI | LCI vascular patterns A, no redness; B, redness with visible vessels and C, redness without visible vessels | No validated | Definition of vascular healing Endoscopic definition of MH | Difficult to be adopted in clinical practice Required advanced endoscopic technologies and expertise No mucosal pattern evaluation |
LCI, linked colour imaging; MH, mucosal healing; NBI, narrow band Iimaging; VCE, virtual chromoendoscopy; WLE, white light endoscopy.