Overview of radiographic criteria used in currently available cross-sectional imaging studies to detect fibrostenosis in patients with stricturing Crohn’s disease. All studies use histopathology as a reference standard
| Study ID | Radiographic modality | Radiographic criteria assessed for stricture detection | Criteria required for stricture diagnosis | |||
| Prestenotic dilation (mm) | Luminal narrowing (mm) | Wall thickening (mm) | ||||
| Ultrasound (US) | Baumgart et al 14 | Ultrasound elasticity imaging | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ >3 mm | Not further specified |
| Kumar et al 15 | SICUS | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ | Wall thickening | |
| Maconi et al 16 | TUS | ✔ >25 mm | ✔ Markedly narrowed lumen | ✔ >4 mm | All criteria required | |
| Onali et al 17 | SICUS | ✗ | ✔ <10 mm | ✗ | Luminal narrowing | |
| Pallotta et al 18 | SICUS | ✔ >25 mm | ✔ <10 mm | ✗ | Luminal narrowing | |
| Ripollés et al 19 | CEUS | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified | |
| Serra et al 20 | CEUS | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ >4 mm | All criteria required | |
| Stidham et al 21 | US elasticity | Not indicated | Not indicated | Not indicated | Not further specified | |
| Wilkens et al 22 | CEUS | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified | |
| CT | Adler et al 23 | CT enterography | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ ≥3 mm | Not further specified |
| Chiorean et al 24 | CT enteroclysis | ✔ | ✔ Luminal narrowing ≤50% | ✔ | Luminal narrowing | |
| Pellino et al 26 | PET/CT | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ >3 mm | Not further specified | |
| Vogel et al 25 | CT enterography | ✔ >3 cm | ✔ <10 mm | ✔ >5 mm | Luminal narrowing and wall thickening | |
| MRI | Kumar et al 15 | MR enterography | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified |
| Li et al 27 | MT-MRI | Not indicated | Not indicated | Not indicated | Not further specified | |
| Pellino et al 26 | PET/MR | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ >3 mm | Not further specified | |
| Pous-Serrano et al 28 | MR enterography | Not indicated | Not indicated | Not indicated | Not further specified | |
| Punwani et al 29 | MR enterography | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified | |
| Rimola et al 30 | MR enterography | ✔ | ✔ Luminal narrowing ≤50% | ✔ | Luminal narrowing ≤50% and prestenotic dilation | |
| Sinha et al 34 | MR enterography | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ >3 mm | Not further specified | |
| Steward et al 35 | MR enterography | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified | |
| Tielbeek et al 31 | MR enterography diffusion-weighted MRI | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified | |
| Wagner et al 32 | Diffusion-weighted MRI | ✔ | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified | |
| Wilkens et al 22 | Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR enterography | ✗ | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified | |
| Zappa et al 33 | MR enterography | ✔ >1.5 of normal loop | ✗ | ✔ | Not further specified | |
CEUS, contrast-enhanced ultrasound; MT, magnetisation transfer; PET, positron emission tomography; SICUS, small intestinal contrast ultrasonography; TUS, transabdominal ultrasonography; US, ultrasound.