Yogurt intake and risk of conventional adenoma and serrated lesion, HPFS and NHS 1986–2010
| Yogurt intake | P for trend* | ||||
| Never | 1–3/month | 1–<2/ week | ≥2/ week | ||
| Men (HPFS) | |||||
| Conventional adenomas only | |||||
| No of cases (n=3196) | 1701 | 687 | 542 | 266 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)† | 1(Ref) | 0.91 (0.83 to 1.00) | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.00) | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.84) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | 1(Ref) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.05) | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.94) | 0.01 |
| Serrated lesions only | |||||
| No of cases (n=1800) | 924 | 392 | 323 | 161 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)† | 1(Ref) | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.05) | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.12) | 0.81 (0.68 to 0.96) | 0.02 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | 1(Ref) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.12) | 1.05 (0.92 to 1.21) | 0.89 (0.74 to 1.07) | 0.34 |
| Conventional adenomas and serrated lesions | |||||
| No of cases (n=815) | 439 | 176 | 138 | 62 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)† | 1(Ref) | 0.90 (0.75 to 1.07) | 0.87 (0.71 to 1.05) | 0.66 (0.50 to 0.86) | 0.001 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | 1(Ref) | 0.98 (0.82 to 1.18) | 0.97 (0.79 to 1.18) | 0.78 (0.59 to 1.04) | 0.10 |
| Women (NHS) | |||||
| Conventional adenomas only | |||||
| No of cases (n=3896) | 1347 | 870 | 1041 | 638 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)† | 1(Ref) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.12) | 1.00 (0.92 to 1.09) | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.24 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | 1(Ref) | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.15) | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.12) | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.09) | 0.55 |
| Serrated lesions only | |||||
| No of cases (n=3230) | 1100 | 707 | 900 | 523 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)† | 1(Ref) | 0.98 (0.89 to 1.08) | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.08) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) | 0.03 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | 1(Ref) | 1.03 (0.94 to 1.14) | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.13) | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.04) | 0.14 |
| Conventional adenomas and serrated lesions | |||||
| No of cases (n=990) | 331 | 223 | 281 | 155 | |
| Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)† | 1(Ref) | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.25) | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.20) | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.07) | 0.17 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ | 1(Ref) | 1.12 (0.94 to 1.34) | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.30) | 0.94 (0.76 to 1.17) | 0.46 |
*Calculated using the median of each yogurt intake category as a continuous variable.
†Adjusted for age, time period of endoscopy, number of reported endoscopies, time since most recent endoscopy and reason for current endoscopy.
‡Additionally adjusted for height (continuous), body mass index (in quintiles), family history of CRC (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), pack-years of smoking (never, 1–4.9, 5–19.9, 20–39.9, ≥40 pack-years), alcohol intake (never, 0.1–4.9, 5–14.9, 15–29.9, ≥30 g/day), physical activity in METs (in quintiles), regular use of aspirin (yes/no), regular NSAIDs use (yes/no), total vitamin D intake (in quintiles), non-yogurt dairy intake (in quintiles), total calorie intake (in quintiles), red and processed meat intake (in quintiles), dietary fibre intake (in quintiles), total folate intake (in quintiles), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (in quintiles), total calcium intake (in quintiles), menopausal status (premenopausal/postmenopausal, NHS only) and menopausal hormone use (never/past/current, NHS only).
CRC, colorectal cancer; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; METs, metabolic equivalent tasks; NHS, Nurses' Health Study; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.