Table 2

Metabolites observed in fasting plasma that were significantly associated with fasting insulin following 42 days of cellulose, inulin and inulin-propionate ester (IPE) supplementation

Trial	R² Y*	Q² Y†	Metabolite	Association‡
Cellulose	0.94	0.31	Valine	↑
			U1§	↑
			Arginine	↑
			NAC1	↑
			NAC2	↑
			HDL	↓
			Unsaturated lipids (mainly HDL)	↓
			Phosphocholine lipids	↓
Inulin	0.98	0.2	Valine	↑
			U1§	↑
			Arginine	↑
			Tyrosine	↑
			HDL	↓
			Glutamine	↓
			Unsaturated lipids (mainly HDL)	↓
			Glycine	↓
IPE	0.97	0.32	Valine	↑
			U1§	↑
			Arginine	↑
			HDL	↓
			Glutamine	↓
			Unsaturated lipids (mainly HDL)	↓
			Phosphocholine lipids	↓

*†Validation parameters of the corresponding partial least squares regression models.
‡Sign of association: ↑Upregulation and ↓downregulation at higher values of fasting insulin.
§Unknown metabolite.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NAC, N-acetyl group of glycoproteins.