Table 1

Plasma concentrations of cytokines, C reactive protein and irreversible oxidised albumin in healthy subject and patients with cirrhosis with and without ACLF (data gathered from Clària et al 22)

Healthy
controls
Patients without ACLFPatients with
ACLF
P value*
n=40n=285n=237
Proinflammatory cytokines
 TNF-α (pg/mL)9 (7–12)20 (14–27)29 (17–41)<0.001
 IL-6 (pg/mL)0.3 (0.3–0.3)21 (11–41)39 (17–115)<0.001
 IL-8 (pg/mL)1.6 (0.6–3.3)37 (20–76)84 (41–169)<0.001
 GM-CSF (pg/mL)2.1 (1.8–11)23 (11–50)32 (14–83)<0.001
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
 IL-10 (pg/mL)1.1 (0.4–1.1)3.4 (1.1–9.2)8.1 (2.1–29.9)<0.001
 IL-1ra (pg/mL)7 (3–9)10 (5–22)23 (9–63)<0.001
C reactive protein and irreversible albumin oxidised albumin
 CRP<318 (6–35)27 (12–20)
 HNA2 (% of total albumin)1.3 (0.3–1.9)4.5 (2.5–8.8)9.8 (5.6–14.8)<0.001
  • Data are expressed as median (IQR).

  • *P value between ACLF and no ACLF.

  • HNA2, irreversibly oxidised human nonmercaptalbumin.ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; CRP, C reactive protein; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha.