Plasma concentrations of cytokines, C reactive protein and irreversible oxidised albumin in healthy subject and patients with cirrhosis with and without ACLF (data gathered from Clària et al 22)
| Healthy controls | Patients without ACLF | Patients with ACLF | P value* | |
| n=40 | n=285 | n=237 | ||
| Proinflammatory cytokines | ||||
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 9 (7–12) | 20 (14–27) | 29 (17–41) | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0.3 (0.3–0.3) | 21 (11–41) | 39 (17–115) | <0.001 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 1.6 (0.6–3.3) | 37 (20–76) | 84 (41–169) | <0.001 |
| GM-CSF (pg/mL) | 2.1 (1.8–11) | 23 (11–50) | 32 (14–83) | <0.001 |
| Anti-inflammatory cytokines | ||||
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 1.1 (0.4–1.1) | 3.4 (1.1–9.2) | 8.1 (2.1–29.9) | <0.001 |
| IL-1ra (pg/mL) | 7 (3–9) | 10 (5–22) | 23 (9–63) | <0.001 |
| C reactive protein and irreversible albumin oxidised albumin | ||||
| CRP | <3 | 18 (6–35) | 27 (12–20) | |
| HNA2 (% of total albumin) | 1.3 (0.3–1.9) | 4.5 (2.5–8.8) | 9.8 (5.6–14.8) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as median (IQR).
*P value between ACLF and no ACLF.
HNA2, irreversibly oxidised human nonmercaptalbumin.ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; CRP, C reactive protein; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha.