Logistic regression analyses | ORs | 95% CI | P value |
Severity of COVID-19 illness (mild/moderate vs severe/critical) | |||
Unadjusted model 1A | |||
MAFLD/FIB-4 status | |||
No MAFLD (n=216) | Ref. | Ref. | |
MAFLD with low FIB-4 (≤1.3; n=44) | 1.21 | 0.46 to 3.14 | 0.701 |
MAFLD with intermediate FIB-4 (1.3–2.67, n=36) | 4.32 | 1.94 to 9.59 | <0.001 |
MAFLD with high FIB-4 (>2.67, n=14) | 5.73 | 1.84 to 17.9 | <0.005 |
Adjusted model 1B | |||
MAFLD/FIB-4 status | |||
No MAFLD (n=216) | Ref. | Ref. | |
MAFLD with low FIB-4 (≤1.3, n=44) | 0.82 | 0.30 to 2.24 | 0.696 |
MAFLD with intermediate FIB-4 (1.3–2.67, n=36) | 2.59 | 1.09 to 6.13 | 0.030 |
MAFLD with high FIB-4 (>2.67, n=14) | 4.04 | 1.22 to 13.3 | 0.021 |
Sex (men vs women) | 1.78 | 0.93 to 3.44 | 0.079 |
Obesity (yes vs no) | 2.62 | 1.31 to 5.24 | <0.005 |
Prior diabetes (yes vs no) | 1.04 | 0.40 to 2.80 | 0.928 |
Unadjusted model 2A | |||
MAFLD/FIB-4 status | |||
No MAFLD (n=216) | Ref. | Ref. | |
MAFLD with low FIB-4 (≤1.3, n=44) | 1.21 | 0.46 to 3.14 | 0.701 |
MAFLD with intermediate/high FIB-4 (>1.3, n=50) | 4.68 | 2.31 to 9.49 | <0.001 |
Adjusted model 2B | |||
MAFLD/FIB-4 status | |||
No MAFLD (n=216) | Ref. | Ref. | |
MAFLD with low FIB-4 (≤1.3, n=44) | 0.82 | 0.30 to 2.24 | 0.696 |
MAFLD with intermediate/high FIB-4 (>1.3, n=50) | 2.95 | 1.37 to 6.34 | <0.005 |
Sex (men vs women) | 1.79 | 0.94 to 3.45 | 0.084 |
Obesity (yes vs no) | 2.60 | 1.30 to 5.16 | <0.005 |
Prior diabetes (yes vs no) | 1.09 | 0.41 to 2.89 | 0.862 |
Sample size, n=310. Data are expressed as ORs and 95% CI as tested by univariable (unadjusted) and multivariable (adjusted) logistic regression analysis. Diabetes was diagnosed as self-reported history of disease and/or specific drug treatment. Obesity was diagnosed as BMI>25 kg/m2.
In the adjusted logistic regression models, we did not additionally adjust also for age, because this variable is already incorporated in the FIB-4 score.
FIB-4, fibrosis-4; MAFLD, metabolic associated fatty liver disease; Ref, reference category.