Cohort characteristics
| All | No diabetes | T2D | P | |
| n | 75 | 42 | 33 | |
| Age (years) | 48.4±11.6 | 45.2±11.0 | 52.5±11.3 | 0.006 |
| Sex (female/male) | 54/21 | 32/10 | 22/11 | 0.36 |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 47.9±6.6 | 47.2±5.8 | 48.8±7.4 | 0.28 |
| Glucose parameter | ||||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 6.3±1.9 | 5.4±1.0 | 7.4±2.1 | 7.0×10–6 |
| FPI (pmol/L) | 153.6±134.9 | 126.6±99.5 | 188.7±165.7 | 0.08 |
| HOMA-IR | 6.9±8.7 | 4.5±3.7 | 9.9±11.9 | 0.02 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.0±1.0 | 5.5±0.5 | 6.7±1.1 | 5.8×10–4 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1±0.3 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.0±0.3 | 0.15 |
| Inflammatory markers | ||||
| TNFa (pg/mL) | 1.7±0.9 | 1.4±0.5 | 2.0±1.0 | 0.004 |
| IL6 (pg/mL) | 4.2±3.8 | 3.3±3.0 | 5.3±4.4 | 0.04 |
| CRP (µg/mL) | 10.2±10.3 | 7.5±7.0 | 13.7±12.7 | 0.02 |
| LBP (µg/mL) | 12.6±4.9 | 11.5±3.9 | 13.9±5.7 | 0.05 |
Cohort characteristics.
All values as mean±SD; p: significance based on Student’s t-test.
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin A1c; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; IL6, interleukin 6; LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha.