Baseline comparison between the three groups
| COVID-19 alone (n=108) | COVID-19+cirrhosis (n=37) | Cirrhosis alone (n=127) | P value for all groups* | |
| Age | 61.3±11.5 | 61.0±10.6 | 59.5±10.8 | 0.45 |
| Male gender | 37 (34%) | 10 (27%) | 43 (34%) | 0.69 |
| Race (white/non-white) | 55/53 | 19/18 | 79/49 | 0.23 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 9 (8%) | 4 (10%) | 7 (6%) | 0.51 |
| Cirrhosis aetiology (HCV/Alc/HCV+Alc/NASH/others) | – | 9/9/4/9/6 | 17/58/12/23/17 | 0.10 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 41 (38%) | 18 (49%) | 47 (37%) | 0.43 |
| Hypertension†‡ | 72 (67%) | 25 (67%) | 64 (50%) | 0.02 |
| Coronary artery disease | 15 (14%) | 4 (10%) | 10 (8%) | 0.33 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 (8%) | 8 (22%) | 16 (13%) | 0.12 |
| Asthma | 9 (8%) | 3 (9%) | 13 (10%) | 0.86 |
| COPD | 11 (10%) | 7 (19%) | 20 (16%) | 0.31 |
| Other chronic lung disease | 6 (6%) | 3 (9%) | 2 (2%) | 0.12 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 (16%) | 8 (22%) | 28 (22%) | 0.45 |
| Hepatocellular cancer† | 0 (0%) | 3 (8%) | 6 (5%) | 0.03 |
| Other cancer | 11 (10%) | 4 (10%) | 6 (5%) | 0.21 |
| History of stroke‡ | 12 (11%) | 2 (5%) | 4 (3%) | 0.04 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index†‡ | 3.3±2.5 | 6.5±3.1 | 5.9±2.5 | <0.0001 |
| Social history | ||||
| Current cigarette† | 7 (6%) | 8 (22%) | 49 (39%) | 0.001 |
| Current other tobacco | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 0.50 |
| Current alcohol†‡ | 2 (2%) | 4 (10%) | 32 (25%) | <0.001 |
| Prior hospital visits in 6 months, median (IQR) | 0 (1) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | <0.001 |
Data presented as raw number (%) or mean±SD unless otherwise stated. No significant differences in the CCI in cirrhosis+COVID-19 versus cirrhosis alone.
*Kruskal-Wallis, χ2 tests or analysis of variance as appropriate.
†P<0.05 between COVID-19+cirrhosis and cirrhosis alone using Fisher exact test, χ2 test or unpaired t-test.
‡P<0.05 between COVID-19 alone and COVID-19+cirrhosis.
Alc, alcohol-related; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.