Maternal outcomes (n=1000)
| Controls (n=564) | Anti-TNF-α monotherapy (n=136) | P value | Thiopurine monotherapy (n=240) | P value | Anti-TNF-α and thiopurine (n=60) | P value | |
| Disease activity during pregnancy necessitating medical adjustment (%) | 145 (26) | 31 (23) | 0.51 | 45 (19) | 0.04 | 14 (24) | 0.88 |
| Endoscopy during pregnancy (sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy) (%) | 44 (8) | 12 (9) | 0.72 | 15 (6) | 0.55 | 11 (18) | 0.01 |
| Anti-TNF cessation in the third trimester (%) | – | 66 (49) | – | 28 (47) | |||
| Obstetric complications during pregnancy (%) | 58 (10) | 15 (11) | 0.76 | 32 (13) | 0.22 | 13 (22) | 0.02 |
| Smoking during entire pregnancy (%) | 24 (4) | 12 (9) | 0.05 | 14 (6) | 0.37 | 3 (5) | 0.73 |
| Breast feeding >4 weeks (%) | 311 (56) | 40 (30) | <0.01 | 50 (22) | <0.01 | 11 (19) | <0.01 |
Study groups were compared with the controls. The Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple testing. A statistically significant difference was defined as a P < 0.02.
TNF, tumour necrosis factor .