Table 1

Non-invasive tests for fibrosis assessment in NAFLD

Direct serum markersIndirect serum markers/panelsCombined scores/algorithms
Hyaluronic Acid(158)
Laminin(159)
YKL-40(160)
Procollagen type-III N-terminal peptide (Pro-C3)(161)
Metalloproteinases
MMP-1, MMP-2(162)
TIMPs(158)
TGF-β1*(163)		AST/ALT(141)
γ-GT
Platelet count
Albumin
PGA(164)
APRI(165)
Cytokeratin-18*(166)		Fibrotest(142)
Hepascore(167)
Fibrospect(168)
Fibrometer(169)
Forns score(170)
BAAT score(171)
BARD Score(172)
ELF(143)
FIB-4 score(141)
NAFLD fibrosis score(140)
MACK-3 score*(173)
eLIFT(174)
HEPAmet fibrosis score(175)
FAST score*(176)
NIS4 score*TM(149)

  • *Denotes tests also assessed for non-invasive diagnosis of NASH.

  • ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APRI, AST to Platelet Ratio Index; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BAAT, BMI, age, ALT, Triglyceride score; BARD, BMI, AST/ALT Ratio, Diabetes score; BMI, body mass index; ELF, European Liver Fibrosis panel; eLIFT, easy Liver Fibrosis Test; FAST, Fibroscan-AST; FIB-4 score, Fibrosis-4; γ-GT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; MACK-3, combination of HOMA, AST and CK18; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NIS-4, non-Invasive diagnosis for non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis panel; PGA, Prothrombin time, Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, Apoliprotein AI; PIIINP, Procollagen III amino terminal peptide; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β; TIMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; YLK-40, chondrex, human cartilage glycoprotein-39.