First wave (February–June 2020) | Second wave (July–November 2020) | P value | |
n=51 | n=62 | ||
Age at symptoms (years) | 59 (53–63) | 57 (52–64) | 0.58 |
Site of highest intensity of care, n (%) | |||
Outpatient | 10 (19.6) | 23 (37.1) | 0.093 |
Ward | 25 (49.0) | 27 (43.6) | |
ICU | 16 (31.4) | 12 (19.4) | |
MELD | 17 (14–22) | 15.5 (11–20) | 0.30 |
Number of comorbidities | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.23 |
Symptoms, n (%) | |||
Fever>37.2°C | 32 (62.7) | 42 (67.7) | 0.58 |
Cough | 25 (49) | 39 (62.9) | 0.14 |
Dyspnoea | 16 (31.4) | 14 (22.6) | 0.30 |
Fatigue | 5 (9.8) | 14 (22.6) | 0.071 |
Confusion | 6 (11.8) | 8 (12.9) | 0.86 |
Diarrhoea | 7 (13.7) | 6 (9.7) | 0.50 |
Ground-glass opacities, n (%) | 34 (66.7) | 27 (44.3) | 0.018 |
Respiratory support | 29 (56.9) | 27 (43.6) | 0.16 |
Acute decompensations, n (%) | |||
No | 33 (64.7) | 42 (67.7) | 0.56 |
Yes | 15 (29.4) | 19 (30.7) | |
Yes, unrelated to COVID-19 | 3 (5.9) | 1 (1.6) | |
ACLF, n (%) | |||
No | 40 (78.4) | 53 (85.5) | 0.57 |
Yes | 9 (17.7) | 8 (12.9) | |
Yes, unrelated to COVID-19 | 2 (3.9) | 1 (1.6) | |
COVID-19 therapy, n (%) | |||
High-dose steroid | 2 (3.9) | 5 (8.1) | 0.45 |
Low-molecular weight heparin | 8 (15.7) | 21 (33.9) | 0.028 |
60-day mortality probability, % (95% CI): overall | 35.3 (23.9 to 50.0) | 25.9 (16.2 to 39.9) | 0.23 |
60-day mortality probability, % (95% CI): in hospitalised patients | 43.9 (30.0 to 60.3) | 41.2 (26.5 to 61.0) | 0.72 |
Cause of death, (%) | |||
Respiratory failure | 8 (36.4) | 2 (13.3) | 0.31 |
Liver failure+respiratory failure | 10 (45.5) | 10 (66.7) | |
Liver failure without respiratory failure | 3 (13.6) | 1 (6.7) | |
Other causes+respiratory failure | 1 (4.6) | 2 (13.3) |
ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; MELD, Model for End-stage Liver Disease.