Cohort characteristics stratified by IBD medication category
| Variable | Mesalazine (N=12 831) | Thiopurine (N=2332) | Anti-TNF (N=3962) | Anti-TNF +TP (N=1186) | Anti-TNF +MTX (N=509) | Vedolizumab (N=862) | Ustekinumab (N=167) | Tofacitinib (N=76) | No IBD Meds (N=8986) | P value |
| Age, median (IQR) | 71 (59–76) | 68 (55–73) | 56 (41–70) | 53 (41–65) | 56 (44–67) | 60 (43–71) | 57 (44–67) | 65.5 (55.5–71) | 61 (46–71) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 12 003 (93.5%) | 2148 (92.1%) | 3547 (89.5%) | 1039 (87.6%) | 447 (87.8%) | 780 (90.5%) | 143 (85.6%) | 71 (93.4%) | 7924 (88.2%) | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | |||||||||
| White | 10 448 (81.4%) | 1879 (80.6%) | 3061 (77.3%) | 864 (72.8%) | 385 (75.6%) | 677 (78.5%) | 120 (71.9%) | 65 (85.5%) | 6804 (75.7%) | |
| Black | 1401 (10.9%) | 280 (12.0%) | 544 (13.7%) | 195 (16.4%) | 75 (14.7%) | 101 (11.7%) | 36 (21.6%) | 5 (6.6%) | 1332 (14.8%) | |
| Hispanic | 504 (3.9%) | 78 (3.3%) | 192 (4.8%) | 74 (6.2%) | 29 (5.7%) | 48 (5.6%) | 9 (5.4%) | 4 (5.3%) | 455 (5.1%) | |
| Other | 478 (3.7%) | 95 (4.1%) | 165 (4.2%) | 53 (4.5%) | 20 (3.9%) | 36 (4.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | 2 (2.6%) | 395 (4.4%) | |
| IBD diagnosis | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Ulcerative Colitis | 9394 (73.2%) | 1223 (52.4%) | 1527 (38.5%) | 465 (39.2%) | 188 (36.9%) | 415 (48.1%) | 32 (19.2%) | 62 (81.6%) | 4863 (54.1%) | |
| Crohn’s disease | 3437 (26.8%) | 1109 (47.6%) | 2435 (61.5%) | 721 (60.8%) | 321 (63.1%) | 447 (51.9%) | 135 (80.8%) | 14 (18.4%) | 4123 (45.9%) | |
| Obesity | 1608 (12.5%) | 284 (12.2%) | 504 (12.7%) | 191 (16.1%) | 80 (15.7%) | 87 (10.1%) | 22 (13.2%) | 9 (11.8%) | 1006 (11.2%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 7342 (57.2%) | 1215 (52.1%) | 1594 (40.2%) | 474 (40.0%) | 219 (43.0%) | 396 (45.9%) | 74 (44.3%) | 41 (53.9%) | 3776 (42.0%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3460 (27.0%) | 594 (25.5%) | 700 (17.7%) | 209 (17.6%) | 92 (18.1%) | 175 (20.3%) | 36 (21.6%) | 21 (27.6%) | 1779 (19.8%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 629 (4.9%) | 103 (4.4%) | 92 (2.3%) | 27 (2.3%) | 8 (1.6%) | 53 (6.1%) | 10 (6.0%) | 4 (5.3%) | 460 (5.1%) | <0.001 |
| Arrhythmia | 1741 (13.6%) | 281 (12.0%) | 319 (8.1%) | 90 (7.6%) | 41 (8.1%) | 106 (12.3%) | 22 (13.2%) | 11 (14.5%) | 918 (10.2%) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 708 (5.5%) | 114 (4.9%) | 137 (3.5%) | 30 (2.5%) | 9 (1.8%) | 41 (4.8%) | 6 (3.6%) | 7 (9.2%) | 388 (4.3%) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 1851 (14.4%) | 307 (13.2%) | 460 (11.6%) | 116 (9.8%) | 45 (8.8%) | 129 (15.0%) | 22 (13.2%) | 12 (15.8%) | 1137 (12.7%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 527 (4.1%) | 131 (5.6%) | 209 (5.3%) | 64 (5.4%) | 25 (4.9%) | 63 (7.3%) | 15 (9.0%) | 2 (2.6%) | 443 (4.9%) | <0.001 |
| Renal failure | 1002 (7.8%) | 169 (7.2%) | 259 (6.5%) | 54 (4.6%) | 18 (3.5%) | 69 (8.0%) | 19 (11.4%) | 7 (9.2%) | 759 (8.5%) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroid use | 589 (4.6%) | 179 (7.7%) | 314 (7.9%) | 125 (10.5%) | 64 (12.6%) | 123 (14.3%) | 34 (20.4%) | 17 (22.4%) | 437 (4.9%) | <0.001 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; MTX, methotrexate; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TP, thiopurine.