Table 1

Associations between acute pancreatitis and COVID-19 by random-effects model

Subgroup	No of studies	OR	95% CI	P value	I² %	P_H
Group I vs group II
Demographics
Male	5	1.51	1.18 to 1.94	0.001	0	0.80
BISAP≥3	4	2.71	1.04 to 7.06	0.04	80	0.002
Comorbidities
Hypertension	2	0.99	0.36 to 2.74	0.98	76	0.04
Diabetes	2	1.23	0.72 to 2.09	0.45	0	0.80
Aetiology
Alcohol	4	0.28	0.11 to 0.72	0.009	65	0.04
Gallstone	5	0.74	0.54 to 1.02	0.06	20	0.29
Unknown/idiopathic	5	3.36	1.43 to 7.90	0.006	82	0.0002
Drug-induced	3	1.57	0.49 to 5.03	0.45	0	0.93
Hyperlipidaemia	4	0.92	0.31 to 2.76	0.88	46	0.14
Morbidities
Pancreatic necrosis	4	1.79	1.21 to 2.64	0.004	0	0.85
Thromboembolic complications	2	1.30	0.48 to 3.53	0.60	0	0.43
Persistent organ failure	2	7.37	3.48 to 15.60	<0.00001	33	0.22
ICU admission	3	3.91	2.53 to 6.05	<0.00001	0	0.52
Mechanical ventilation	2	7.52	3.23 to 17.49	<0.00001	0	0.33
Mortality	5	5.75	3.62 to 9.14	<0.00001	0	0.66
Group I vs group III
Male	3	1.74	1.09 to 2.80	0.02	0	0.45
ICU admission	2	3.80	0.95 to 15.18	0.06	77	0.04
Mortality	4	2.76	1.17 to 6.54	0.02	61	0.05

BISAP, Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis; ICU, intensive care unit.