Characteristics of the subjects in the metabolic surgery cohort, baseline and 1-year postsurgery data
| Before RYGB 50 subjects | After RYGB 50 subjects | ||||
| Variable name | Mean (SD) | (1st–3rd IQR) | Mean (SD) | (1st–3rd IQR) | P value |
| Age | 48.72 (8.94) | (44–54) | 49.72 (8.94) | (45–55) | – |
| Weight (kg) | 128.52 (25.47) | (108.75–149.25) | 91.52 (25.1) | (75–103) | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 171.14 (9.96) | (162–179.75) | 171.14 (9.96) | (162–179.75) | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 43.4 (5.51) | (39–47.6) | 31.18 (7.22) | (26.68–33.95) | <0.0001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 131.18 (14.6) | (122–140) | 110.35 (14.43) | (101–116) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 132.12 (18.2) | (120–148) | 103.57 (19.07) | (94–115) | <0.0001 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 1 (0.1) | (0.9–1.1) | 0.94 (0.11) | (0.9–1) | <0.0001 |
| DEXA FM (%) | 49.37 (4.44) | (46.48–51.43) | 33.35 (8.12) | (27.1–38.85) | <0.0001 |
| DEXA FM (kg) | 60.53 (13.27) | (51.70 - 71.17) | 29.48 (12.33) | <0.0001 | |
| DEXA FFM (kg) | 62.58 (11.99) | (50.48–73.5) | 56.11 (12.44) | (45.18–67.25) | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.98 (16.25) | (37–50) | 51.96 (15.68) | (41.25–60.75) | 0.089 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 113.28 (32.53) | (95.25–130.75) | 95.26 (37.04) | (71.5–108) | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189.25 (29.72) | (162.75–206.75) | 163.42 (36.81) | (138.5–188.25) | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 153.16 (72.77) | (109–184) | 90.06 (51.17) | (60–108) | <0.0001 |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 116.18 (37.62) | (96–125.25) | 82.06 (15.58) | (74–86) | <0.0001 |
| Plasma insulin (IU/mL) | 30.1 (16.9) | (17–42) | 10.32 (6.57) | (7–11.75) | <0.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 9.2 (6.93) | (3.68–11.6) | 2.16 (1.61) | (1.25–2.5) | <0.0001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 31.24 (17.48) | (20–40.75) | 23.02 (11.98) | (16–27) | 0.009 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 42.46 (27.72) | (21.25–51.25) | 25.7 (23.42) | (14–32.25) | 0.002 |
| γGT (IU/L) | 51.15 (86.34) | (23.75–45.25) | 22.65 (23.66) | (12–23) | 0.004 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 41.08 (2.97) | (39–43) | 41.21 (3.14) | (38.75–43.25) | 0.863 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 222.76 (52.87) | (192 - 250) | 202.71 (55.01) | (166 - 226) | 0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 44.17 (10.96) | (37 - 47) | 36.94 (5.86) | (34–38) | <0.0001 |
| PLIN2 MFI | 4.4 (1.53) | (3.2–5.5) | 1.93 (0.75) | (1.43–2.21) | <0.0001 |
| RAB14 MFI | 7.02 (2.3) | (5.45–8.28) | 14.08 (4.85) | (9.85–17.38) | <0.0001 |
| Elastography (kPa) | 6.09 (1.47) | (5.33–6.6) | 5.04 (1.05) | (4.5–5.58) | <0.0001 |
| NAFLD fibrosis score | 0.28 (1.1) | (−0.47–0.91) | −0.98 (1.26) | (−1.83–−0.19) | <0.0001 |
| AST to platelets ratio index | 0.24 (0.05) | (0.2–0.26) | 0.24 (0.05) | (0.21–0.27) | <0.0001 |
| FIB4 | 1.15 (0.6) | (0.66–1.57) | 1.25 (0.47) | (0.87–1.58) | 0.169 |
| n | % | n | % | P value | |
| Gender (women) | 22 | 44 | – | – | |
| Diabetes | 27 | 54 | 8 | 16 | 0.0002 |
| Fibrosis | 50 | 100 | 47 | 94 | 0.240 |
| NASH | 50 | 100 | 13 | 26 | <0.0001 |
| n | % | n | % | P value | |
| NAS 0 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 74 | <0.0001 |
| NAS 3 | 15 | 30 | 10 | 20 | |
| NAS 4 | 21 | 42 | 2 | 4 | |
| NAS 5 | 13 | 26 | 1 | 2 | |
| NAS 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| NAS 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| SAF-S 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 70 | <0.001 |
| SAF-S 1 | 15 | 30 | 9 | 18 | |
| SAF-S 2 | 27 | 54 | 6 | 12 | |
| SAF-S 3 | 8 | 16 | 0 | 0 | |
| SAF-A 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | <0.001 |
| SAF-A 1 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 52 | |
| SAF-A 2 | 39 | 78 | 22 | 44 | |
| SAF-A 3 | 10 | 20 | 1 | 2 | |
| SAF-A 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| SAF-F 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0.005 |
| SAF-F 1 | 23 | 46 | 35 | 70 | |
| SAF-F 2 | 23 | 46 | 11 | 22 | |
| SAF-F 3 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 2 | |
BMI, body mass index; DEXA FFM, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Free Fat Mass; DEXA FM, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Fat Mass; HbA1c, Haemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NAS, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PLIN2, perilipin-2; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; γGT, γ-Glutamyl Transferase.