Total (n=4800) | Subcohort (n=1059) | Without adverse birth outcomes* (n=545) | With adverse birth outcomes (n=514) | |
Age (SD) | 26.4 (3.6) | 26.5 (3.7) | 26.2 (3.6) | 26.7 (3.9) |
Prepregnancy BMI (SD) | 20.9 (2.9) | 21.2 (3.1) | 20.9 (3.0) | 21.5 (3.2) |
Weight gain (SD) | 14.5 (5.0) | 14.5 (5.2) | 14.5 (4.9) | 14.4 (5.4) |
Gestation duration (SD) | 39.2 (1.3) | 38.6 (1.9) | 39.5 (0.9) | 37.8 (2.3) |
Delivery mode | ||||
Vaginal | 54.9% | 49.5% | 59.1% | 39.4% |
Caesarean | 45.1% | 50.5% | 40.9% | 60.6% |
Pregnancy complications | ||||
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 3.0% | 8.3% | 7.6% | 9.1% |
Gestation-induced hypertension | 1.9% | 2.1% | 0.6% | 3.8% |
Anaemia in pregnancy | 45.0% | 39.2% | 39.6% | 38.8% |
Adverse birth outcomes | ||||
Preterm | 5.5% | 22.3% | 0 | 46.7% |
Low birth weight | 3.1% | 12.9 | 0 | 26.7% |
Macrosomia | 4.9% | 20.4% | 0 | 42.0% |
Gravidity | ||||
1 | 35.0% | 36.6% | 40.9% | 32.2% |
2 | 28.4% | 28.5% | 27.2% | 29.8% |
3 | 19.0% | 17.3% | 16.3% | 18.3% |
4 | 11.2% | 10.2% | 9.4% | 10.9% |
>4 | 6.4% | 7.5% | 6.3% | 8.8% |
Parity | ||||
0 | 57.5% | 60.7% | 61.4% | 60.0% |
1 | 41.3% | 38.5% | 38.3% | 38.8% |
≥2 | 1.2% | 0.76% | 0.4% | 1.2% |
*Adverse birth outcomes of interest in this study are preterm delivery, low birth weight and macrosomia.
BMI, body mass index.