Regular ArticlePPAR-γ Is Selectively Upregulated in Caco-2 Cells by Butyrate☆,☆☆,★
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2024, Journal of Functional FoodsButyrate protects endothelial function through PPARδ/miR-181b signaling
2021, Pharmacological ResearchCitation Excerpt :PPARs are a group of nuclear receptors and play important roles in lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, immune responses, cell apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation [44]. PPARγ has been suggested in some studies as the main intracellular target of butyrate [45,46]. Activation of PPARγ by butyrate has been demonstrated to maintain gut microbial homeostasis [46], initiate innate immunity against tumour cells[47], and modulate metabolic disorders [14].
Ruminal epithelial cell proliferation and short-chain fatty acid transporters in vitro are associated with abundance of period circadian regulator 2 (PER2)
2020, Journal of Dairy ScienceCitation Excerpt :In rodents, PPARA is mainly expressed in brown adipose tissue and liver, but also in the intestine (Mansén et al., 1996; Huin et al., 2000). Butyrate increased abundance of PPARA in enterocytes at both mRNA and protein levels (Wächtershäuser et al., 2000). Thus, we speculate that in isolated REC, the abundance of PPARA might be related to the abundance of PER2.
Sodium butyrate improved intestinal immune function associated with NF-κB and p38MAPK signalling pathways in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
2017, Fish and Shellfish ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :Our laboratory previous study indicated that dietary pantothenic acid could raise LZ and ACP activities, and down-regulate IFN-γ2 mRNA level in the intestine of grass carp [17]. In human intestinal epithelium cells, butyrate up-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPAR-γ) mRNA level [18], which could increase antimicrobial peptide β-defensins gene expression [19]. Moreover, butyrate could suppress leptin gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells [20].
Butyrate influences intracellular levels of adenine and adenine derivatives in the fungus Penicillium restrictum
2017, Microbiological ResearchCitation Excerpt :Butyrate, a small fatty acid, has received scientific attention due to its important function in the colon of ruminants and mammalians. Butyrate has a role in i) the inhibition of inflammation in the small intestine (Wachtershauser and Stein, 2000), ii) as energy source for colonocytes (Donohoe et al., 2011), iii) the mucosal defence layer by increasing the expression of the MUC2 gene and stimulating the mucin synthesis (Hamer et al., 2008), iv) growth regulation of enterocytes (Hodin et al., 1996; Wachtershauser et al., 2000a,b) and v) cell proliferation and apoptosis of colon and cancer cells (Archer et al., 1998a; Archer et al., 1998b). Furthermore it has been shown that butyrate has an antimicrobial activity against a range of organisms including nematodes, phytopathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria (Browning et al., 2006; Nguyen et al., 2011).
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Abbreviations used: AP, alkaline phosphatase; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HODE, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; 15-d-PGJ2, 15-desoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PPRE, peroxisome proliferator responsive element; RXR, retinoid X receptor.
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Dedicated to Wolfgang F. Caspary on the occasion of his 60th birthday.
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This work was supported by a grant from graduate scholarship, J. W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main.