Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the turnover rate of the extravascular pool of granulocytes in different regions of the feline gastrointestinal tract. Leukocyte emigration from the vasculature was prevented over a 48-h period by repeated intravenous injections of a monoclonal antibody (MAb IB4) directed against the leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein complex CD11/CD18. Tissue-associated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was used to monitor the total tissue granulocyte pool at 0.5, 12, 24, and 48 h after MAb IB4 administration. The mucosal layer of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon exhibited different kinetics of granulocyte clearance, with average life-spans (t1/2) ranging between 6.9 (colon) and 10.4 h (duodenum). Granulocyte clearance rates of 0.5 × 106 and 2.4 x 106 cells/h/g tissue were estimated (from measured values oft1/2 and tissue granulocyte pool) for the small bowel and colonie mucosae, respectively. The submucosal layer of the intestine exhibited a biphasic reduction in tissue MPO activity following immunoneutralization of CD11/CD18, with an initialt1/2 ≤ 0.5 h followed by at1/2 of 36–60 h. The initial rapid decline in tissue MPO suggests that a significant fraction of granulocytes in the submucosa is localized in a readily exchangeable pool (e.g., marginated cells within the vasculature). The results of this study indicate that the average life-span of resident granulocytes varies significantly between different regions of the gastrointestinal tract, with the intestinal mucosa exhibiting at1/2 comparable to that previously reported for circulating feline neutrophils (R 8 h).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Athens, J. W., A. M. Mauer, H. Ashenbrucker, G. E. Cartwright, andW. M. Wintrobe. 1959. Leukokinetic studies I. A method for labeling leukocytes with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP32).Blood 14:303–333.
Raab, S. O. 1964. Granulokinetics in normal dogs.Am. J. Physiol. 206:83–88.
Prasse, K. W., M. L. Kaeberle, andF. K. Ramsey. 1973. Blood neutrophilic granulocyte kinetics in cats.Am. J. Vet. Res. 34:1021–1025.
Alexanian, R., and D. M.Donohue. Neutrophilic granulocyte kinetics in normal man.J. Appl. Physiol. 20:803–808.
Wright, S. D., P. E. Rao, W. C. VanVoorhis, L. S. Craigmyle, K. Iida, M. A. Talle, E. F. Westberg, G. Goldstein, andS. C. Silverstein. 1983. Identification of the C3Bi receptor of human monocytes and macrophages by using monoclonal antibodies.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:5699–5703.
Oliver, M. G., R. D. Specian, M. A. Perry, andD. N. Granger. 1991. Morphologic assessment of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in mesenteric venules subjected to ischemia and reperfusion.Inflammation 15:331–346.
Suzuki, M., W. Inauen, P. R. Kvietys, M. B. Grisham, C. Meininger, M. E. Schelling, H. J. Granger, andD. N. Granger. 1989. Superoxide mediates reperfusion-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions.Am. J. Physiol. 257:H1740-H1745.
Grisham, M. B., L. A. Hernandez, andD. N. Granger. 1986. Xanthine oxidase and neutrophil infiltration in intestinal ischemia.Am. J. Physiol. 251:G567-G574.
Grisham, M. B., J. N. Benoit, andD. N. Granger. 1990. Assessment of leukocyte involvement during ischemia and reperfusion of intestine.Methods Enzymol. 186:729–742.
`Suzuki, K., H. Ota, S. Sasagawa, T. Sakaton, andT. Fujikura. 1983. Assay method for myeloperoxidase in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Anal. Biochem. 132:345–352.
Grisham, M. B., andD. N. Granger. 1989. Free radicals: Reactive metabolites of oxygen as mediators of postischemic reperfusion injury.In Splanchnic Ischemia and Multiple Organ Failure. A. Marston, G. B. Bulkley, R. G. Fiddian-Green, and U. H. Haglund, editors. Edward Arnold, London. 135–144.
Ormrod, D. J., G. L. Harrison, andT. E. Miller. 1987. Inhibition of neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity by selected tissues.J. Pharmacol. Methods 18:137–142.
Schierwagen, C., A. C. Bylund-Fellenius, andC. Lundberg. 1990. Improved method for quantification of tissue PMN accumulation measured by myeloperoxidase activity.J. Pharmacol. Methods 23:179–186.
Grisham, M. B., T. D. Engerson, J. M. McCord, andH. P. Jones. 1985. A comparative study of neutrophil purification and function.J. Immunol. Methods 82:315–320.
Winer, B. J. 1971. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Presentey, B., Z. Jerushalmy, M. Ben-Bassat, andK. Perk. 1980. Genesis, ultrastructure and cytochemical study of the cat eosinophil.Anat. Record 196:119–127.
Harlan, J. M., P. D. Killen, F. M. Senegal, B. R. Schwartz, E. K. Yee, R. F. Taylor, P. G. Beatty, T. H. Price, and H. D. Ochs. 1985. The role of neutrophil membrane glycoprotein GP-150 in neutrophil adherence to endothelium in vitro.Blood 66:167–178.
Pohlman, T. H., K. A. Stanness, P. G. Beatty, H. D. Ochs, andJ. M. Harlan. 1986. An endothelial cell surface factor(s) induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor increases neutrophil adherence by a CDw 18-dependent mechanism.J. Immunol. 136:45–48.
Kubes, P., M. Suzuki, andD. N. Granger. 1990. Platelet-activating factor-induced microvascular dysfunction: The role of adherent leukocytes.Am. J. Physiol. 258:G158-G163.
Kubes, P., K.-E. Arfors, andD. N. Granger. 1991. Platelet-activating factor-induced mucosal dysfunction: Role of oxidants and granulocytes.Am. J. Physiol. 260:G965-G971.
Craddock, C. G., S. Perry, L. E. Ventzke, J. S. Lawrence. 1960. Evaluation of marrow granulocytic reserves in normal and disease state.Blood 15:840–855.
Little, J. R., G. Brecher, T. R. Bradley, andS. Rose. 1962. Determination of lymphocyte turnover by continuous infusion of H3 thymidine.Blood 19:236–242.
Teir, H., T. Rytömaa, A. Cederberg, andK. Kiviniemi. 1963. Studies on the elimination of granulocytes in the intestinal tract in the rat.Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 59:311–324.
Kibbler, C. 1989. Enteric bacterial toxins: Their local effects and role in disease.In Splanchnic Ischemia and Multiple Organ Failure. A. Marston, G. B. BuUdey, R. G. Fiddian-Green, and U. H. Haglund, editors. Edward Arnold, London. 167–181.
Granger, D. N., andA. E. Taylor. 1980. Permeability of intestinal capillaries to endogenous macromolecules.Am. J. Physiol. 238:H457-H464.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arndt, H., Kubes, P., Grisham, M.B. et al. Granulocyte turnover in the feline intestine. Inflammation 16, 549–559 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00918979
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00918979