Mediation of anaphylaxis-induced jejunal circular smooth muscle contraction in rats

Abstract

Altered intestinal motility and diarrhea are features of food protein-induced intestinal anaphylaxis in the conscious rat. These experiments were performed to determine the mediator(s) responsible for jejunal circular smooth muscle contraction during this response. Hooded-Lister rats were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 10-μg egg albumin, and controls were sham-sensitized with saline. Fourteen days later the contractility of the circular muscle in jejunal segments (mucosa intact) was examined in standard tissue baths in response to antigen (Ag) or other agents. While control and sensitized tissues contracted in similar fashion in response to stretch, bethanechol, histamine, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), Ag contracted only the segments of sensitized animals. The contractile response was: (1) specific to the sensitizing Ag, as bovine serum albumin did not induced contraction and (2) could be passively transferred with serum containing specific immunoglobulin E antibody (IgE-Ab). Concanavalin A, which degranulates both mucosal and connective tissue-type mast cells, and compound 48/80, which degranulates only connective tissue-type mast cells produced contractile responses. Ag-induced contraction was significantly inhibited by the mucosal and connective tissue-type mast cell stabilizer doxantrazole, but not the connective tissue mast cell stabilizer disodium cromoglycate. Diphenhydramine and cimetidine together significantly inhibited histamine-induced contraction, but failed to effect the Ag-induced contraction in sensitized tissues. While the contractile response to 5HT was reduced in the presence of methysergide (5HT₁-receptor antagonist), cinanserin (5HT₂-receptor antagonist), and ICS 205-930 (5HT₃-receptor antagonist), only cinanserin significantly inhibited the contractile response to Ag. Indomethacin significantly inhibited Ag-induced contraction. Ag-induced contraction was resistant to atropine and tetrodotoxin. Thus, food protein-induced alterations in intestinal motility in sensitized rats are due in part to an IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation, 5HT release, prostaglandin synthesis, and contraction of the circular smooth muscle.