[¹⁴C]urea breath test for diagnosis ofHelicobacter pylori

Abstract

H. pylori is a potent urease producer, a characteristic that has been exploited in the development of the[¹⁴C]- and [¹³C]urea breath tests. The prevalence of H. pylori infection also is known to increase with advancing age; however, the individual patient's age has not routinely been considered when interpreting urea breath test results. The aim of this study was to validate a short, age-adjusted [¹⁴C] urea breath test for use in diagnosing H. pylori infections. Forty-one subjects (28 volunteers, 13 patients) underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsies. Subjects were defined as being H. pylori positive if histology or culture was positive. In addition, all subjects completed a 120-min [¹⁴C]urea breath test. A logistic regression analysis adjusting for age was used to estimate the probability of H. pylori positivity as a function of the¹⁴C values generated. Sixteen subjects were H. pylori-positive, and 25 were H. pylori negative. The¹⁴C values generated between 15 and 80 min were found to be equally predictive in identifying H. pylori-positive subjects. Advancing age was associated with a higher probability of H. pylori positivity. By taking advantage of the statistical probabilities, older patients could be accurately diagnosed with H. pylori at lower¹⁴C values. We found that [¹⁴C]urea breath test to be both a sensitive and specific test that can be abbreviated to a 30-min examination (total test time). Moreover, our mathematical model indicates that a patient's age should be considered in order to optimize interpretation of the [¹⁴C]urea breath test, although further observations are needed to confirm this model.