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Tumor-associated macrophages: functional diversity, clinical significance, and open questions

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Abstract

Inflammation is now a well-recognized hallmark of cancer progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the major inflammatory cells that infiltrate murine and human tumors. While epidemiological studies indicate a clear correlation between TAM density and poor prognosis in a number of human cancers, transgenic studies and transcriptome profiling of TAMs in mice have established their crucial role in cancer progression. In fact, TAMs affect diverse aspects of cancer progression including tumor cell growth and survival, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immunoregulation. New evidences have extended the repertoire of these cells to other tumor promoting activities like interactions with cancer stem cells, response to chemotherapy, and tumor relapse. These findings have triggered efforts to target TAMs and their associated molecules to modulate tumor progression. In particular, “re-education” to activate their anti-tumor potential or elimination of tumor promoting TAMs are strategies undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation. Proof-of-principle studies indicate that TAM-centered therapeutic strategies may contribute to cancer therapy.

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Acknowledgments

AM and PA are supported by AIRC (Investigators Grants and Grants 5x 1000). SKB is supported by funding from SIgN, A*STAR, Singapore.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), #04-01 Immunos, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore

    Subhra K. Biswas

  2. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Italy

    Paola Allavena & Alberto Mantovani

  3. Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Alberto Mantovani

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  1. Subhra K. Biswas
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  2. Paola Allavena
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  3. Alberto Mantovani
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Correspondence to Subhra K. Biswas or Alberto Mantovani.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Macrophage Heterogeneity, Subsets and Human Disease - Guest Editor: Siamon Gordon

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Biswas, S.K., Allavena, P. & Mantovani, A. Tumor-associated macrophages: functional diversity, clinical significance, and open questions. Semin Immunopathol 35, 585–600 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-013-0367-7

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