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Short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43, is expressed by enteroendocrine cells and mucosal mast cells in rat intestine

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Abstract

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the major anions in the large intestinal lumen. They are produced from dietary fiber by bacterial fermentation and are known to have a variety of physiological and pathophysiological effects on the intestine. In the present study, we investigated the expression of the SCFA receptor, GPR43, in the rat distal ileum and colon. Expression of GPR43 was detected by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. mRNA for GPR43 was detected, by RT-PCR, in extracts of the whole wall and separated mucosa from the ileum and colon and from muscle plus submucosa from the ileum, but not from muscle plus submucosa preparations from the colon. We raised a rabbit antiserum against a synthesized fragment of rat GPR43; this was specific for rat GPR43. GPR43 protein was detected by Western blot analysis in extracts of whole wall and separated mucosa, but not in muscle plus submucosa extracts. By immunohistochemistry, GPR43 immunoreactivity was localized to enteroendocrine cells expressing peptide YY (PYY), whereas 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-immunoreactive (IR) enteroendocrine cells were not immunoreactive for GPR43. Mast cells of the lamina propria expressing 5-HT were also GPR43-IR. The results of the present study suggest that the PYY-containing enteroendocrine cells and 5-HT-containing mucosal mast cells sense SCFAs via the GPR43 receptor. This is consistent with physiological data showing that SCFAs stimulate the release of PYY and 5-HT from the ileum and colon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Physiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan

    Shin-ichiro Karaki, Retsu Mitsui & Atsukazu Kuwahara

  2. Laboratory of Physiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan

    Hisayoshi Hayashi

  3. Yanaihara Institute, 2480-1 Awakura, Fujinomiya-shi, 418-0011, Japan

    Ikuo Kato

  4. Department of Physiology and Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan

    Hiroshi Sugiya

  5. Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15-Nishi 7, Kita, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan

    Toshihiko Iwanaga

  6. Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia

    John B. Furness

Authors
  1. Shin-ichiro Karaki
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  2. Retsu Mitsui
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  3. Hisayoshi Hayashi
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  4. Ikuo Kato
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  5. Hiroshi Sugiya
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  6. Toshihiko Iwanaga
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  7. John B. Furness
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  8. Atsukazu Kuwahara
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atsukazu Kuwahara.

Additional information

This study was supported by the Promotion of Health and Nutrition from the Danone Institute, by an AstraZeneca Research Grant, and by the Australian Research Council (grant #DP0557307).

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Karaki, Si., Mitsui, R., Hayashi, H. et al. Short-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR43, is expressed by enteroendocrine cells and mucosal mast cells in rat intestine. Cell Tissue Res 324, 353–360 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0140-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-005-0140-x

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