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CO2 insufflation during colonoscopy decreases post-interventional pain in deeply sedated patients: a randomized controlled trial

CO2 Insufflation in der Koloskopie verringert signifikant post-interventionelle Schmerzen bei tief sedierten Patienten: Eine randomisiert kontrollierte Studie

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Zusammenfassung

EINFÜHRUNG: Die Verwendung von Luft als Insufflationsgas in der Koloskopie ist weit verbreitet. Es gibt jedoch Studien, die bei nicht oder leicht sedierten Patienten eine Reduzierung der abdominellen Schmerzen nach einer Koloskopie mit CO2 Gas nachgewiesen haben. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Effektivität von CO2 Gas nach einer Koloskopie bei moderaten und stark sedierten Patienten zu beurteilen. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, ob die Verwendung von CO2 die Bereitschaft der Patienten beeinflusst, sich später freiwillig einer Koloskopie als Darmkrebsvorsorge zu unterziehen. PATIENTEN UND METHODE: Dreihundert konsekutive Patienten wurden in zwei Gruppen randomisiert (CO2 versus Luft). Die Koloskopie wurde in tiefer Sedierung (Propofol) oder in moderater Sedierung (Propofol mit Midazolam) durchgeführt. Post-interventionelle Schmerzen und Zufriedenheit wurden anhand einer visuellen 10 Punkte Analog Skala (VAS) ermittelt. Die Bereitschaft sich erneut einer Koloskopie zur Darmkrebsvorsorge zu unterziehen wurde separat erfragt. ERGEBNIS: Bei 157 Patienten wurde CO2 und bei 143 Patienten Luft als Insufflationsgas verwendet. Beide Gruppen waren vergleichbar in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht und BMI. Es wurden keine Komplikationen beobachtet. In der CO2 Gruppe traten sowohl 15 Minuten, 30 Minuten als auch 6 Stunden nach der Koloskopie signifikant weniger Schmerzen auf (p < 0.01). Zwölf Stunden danach konnte kein Unterschied festgestellt werden. Die Patientenzufriedenheit zeigte zu allen Zeitpunkten keinen Unterschied. Die Bereitschaft der Patienten sich freiwillig einer späteren Darmkrebsvorsorge zu unterziehen wurde durch die Verwendung von CO2 nicht beeinflusst. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Bei moderaten und tief sedierten Patienten hat CO2 als Insufflationsgas keinen Einfluss auf die Patientenzufriedenheit und die Patienten-bereitschaft sich einer Darmkrebsvorsorge zu unterziehen. Eine Reduzierung der post-interventionellen Schmerzen konnte dennoch beobachtet werden.

Summary

INTRODUCTION: Air insufflation during colonoscopy is considered the standard method in most endoscopic centers. Notably, several studies have reported reduced abdominal pain after colonoscopy with CO2 insufflation in unsedated and in lightly sedated patients. The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of CO2 insufflation after colonoscopy in moderately and deeply sedated patients. We also evaluated whether CO2 insufflation increases patients' compliance for colorectal cancer screening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 300 consecutive patients allocated to colonoscopy were randomly assigned to either CO2 or air insufflation. Propofol was titrated to a level of deep sedation and propofol combined with midazolam was used for moderate sedation. Post-interventional pain levels and satisfaction with the procedure were registered on a 10-point visual analog scale. Compliance for colorectal cancer screening was ascertained separately. RESULTS: CO2 insufflation was used during colonoscopy in 157 patients; conventional air was used in 143 patients. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, sex and body mass index. Neither major nor minor complications were observed. Pain sensation was significantly lower in the CO2 group at 15 min, 30 min and 6 h after colonoscopy (P < 0.01); at 12 h no difference was observed. In contrast, levels of patient satisfaction did not show any significant difference. Voluntary colorectal cancer screening appeared not to be influenced by the type of insufflation gas used. CONCLUSIONS: CO2 insufflation in deeply and moderately sedated patients during colonoscopy has no impact on patients' satisfaction with the procedure or on their attitude to voluntary colorectal cancer screening. However, the use of CO2 insufflation significantly diminishes abdominal pain after colonoscopy.

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Correspondence to Stefan Riss.

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Riss, S., Akan, B., Mikola, B. et al. CO2 insufflation during colonoscopy decreases post-interventional pain in deeply sedated patients: a randomized controlled trial. Wien Klin Wochenschr 121, 464–468 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1202-y

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