Spermine and spermidine induce intestinal maturation in the rat

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(88)90298-3

Gastroenterology

Volume 95, Issue 1, July 1988, Pages 112-116

https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(88)90298-3 Get rights and content

Abstract

In the present study, we aimed to induce precocious intestinal maturation in neonatal rats by the oral administration of polyamines. Groups of 5 rats received either saline, spermidine (10 μmol daily), or spermine (6 μmol daily) orally on the 12th, 13th, and 14th postnatal days. The rats were killed on the 15th postnatal day. After the small bowel was removed, a 1-cm distal ileal segment was removed for histologic examination and the remaining small bowel tissue was homogenized for further biochemical analysis. Polyamine administration was shown to induce structural and biochemical mucosal changes characteristic of postnatal maturation. Lactase, sucrase, and maltase specific activities (micromoles of substrate hydrolyzed per minute per gram of protein) were 80 ± 10, 10 ± 3, and 116 ± 19 for the saline-treated rats; 51 ± 7, 34 ± 2, and 315 ± 37 for the spermidine-treated rats; and 25 ± 2, 46 ± 5, and 419 ± 63 for the spermine-treated rats, respectively. Similar results were obtained with rats, first treated with spermine (6 μmol) on the 7th postnatal day, receiving spermine (6 μmol) daily as described above and killed on the 10th postnatal day. Dose-response experiments performed as reported above in rats whose treatment began on the 12th postnatal day showed that the maturational effects of orally administered spermine are dose-dependent.

References (13)

RM Klein et al.
The role of cell renewal in the ontogeny of the intestine. I. Cell proliferation patterns in adult, fetal and neonatal intestine
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
(1983)
RM Klein et al.
The role of cell renewal in the ontogeny of the intestine. II. Regulation of cell proliferation in adult, fetal and neonatal intestine
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
(1983)
SJ Henning
Role of milk-borne factors in weaning and intestinal development
Biol Neonate
(1982)
GD Luk et al.
Ornithine decarboxylase is important in intestinal mucosal maturation and recovery from injury in rats
Science
(1980)
J Jänne et al.
Polyamines in rapid growth and cancer
Biochim Biophys Acta
(1978)
MM Bradford
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding
Anal Biochem
(1976)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

Cited by (155)

The gut ecosystem and immune tolerance
2023, Journal of Autoimmunity
The gastrointestinal tract is home to the largest microbial population in the human body. The gut microbiota plays significant roles in the development of the gut immune system and has a substantial impact on the maintenance of immune tolerance beginning in early life. These microbes interact with the immune system in a dynamic and interdependent manner. They generate immune signals by presenting a vast repertoire of antigenic determinants and microbial metabolites that influence the development, maturation and maintenance of immunological function and homeostasis. At the same time, both the innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in modulating a stable microbial ecosystem between the commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. Hence, the gut microbial population and the host immune system work together to maintain immune homeostasis synergistically. In susceptible hosts, disruption of such a harmonious state can greatly affect human health and lead to various auto-inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiota and immunity with an emphasis on: a) important players of gut innate and adaptive immunity; b) the contribution of gut microbial metabolites; and c) the effect of disruption of innate and adaptive immunity as well as alteration of gut microbiome on the molecular mechanisms driving autoimmunity in various autoimmune diseases.
Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: Which feeds the other?
2023, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and hosts in the digestive tract. Metabolites in the gut have important roles in energy metabolism, cellular communication, and host immunity, among other physiological activities. Although numerous host metabolites, such as free fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins, are found in the intestine, metabolites generated by gut microbiota are equally vital for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, microbiota in the gut is the sole source of some metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Metabolites produced by microbiota, such as neurotransmitters and hormones, may modulate and significantly affect host metabolism. The gut microbiota is becoming recognized as a second endocrine system. A variety of chronic inflammatory disorders have been linked to aberrant host-microbiota interplays, but the precise mechanisms underpinning these disturbances and how they might lead to diseases remain to be fully elucidated. Microbiome-modulated metabolites are promising targets for new drug discovery due to their endocrine function in various complex disorders. In humans, metabolotherapy for the prevention or treatment of various disorders will be possible if we better understand the metabolic preferences of bacteria and the host in specific tissues and organs. Better disease treatments may be possible with the help of novel complementary therapies that target host or bacterial metabolism. The metabolites, their physiological consequences, and functional mechanisms of the host-microbiota interplays will be highlighted, summarized, and discussed in this overview.
Chapter 9 - Wine
2019, Innovations in Traditional Foods
Wine is a natural product that due to its pH and alcoholic level does not develop pathogenic microorganisms, but it can contain undesirable substances such as amines. There is a growing knowledge about the origin of amines and the factors that have an influence on their formation and evolution during wine conservation. However, many of these factors are not controllable so that the formation of amines is unavoidable. Three strategies can be adopted to diminish the amine formation in wine: (1) reducing the concentration of their precursor amino acids, (2) limiting the growth of bacteria that produce high amine concentrations, and (3) inoculating starter cultures without aminogenic ability. However, sometimes the only possibility is to eliminate them by using microorganisms or enzymes able to degrade them or using an adsorbent material to retain them. These latter methods are being explored but it is not easy to eliminate amines from wine without eliminating other wine components.
Wine
2019, Innovations in Traditional Foods
Wine is a natural product that due to its pH and alcoholic level does not develop pathogenic microorganisms, but it can contain undesirable substances such as amines. There is a growing knowledge about the origin of amines and the factors that have an influence on their formation and evolution during wine conservation. However, many of these factors are not controllable so that the formation of amines is unavoidable. Three strategies can be adopted to diminish the amine formation in wine: (1) reducing the concentration of their precursor amino acids, (2) limiting the growth of bacteria that produce high amine concentrations, and (3) inoculating starter cultures without aminogenic ability. However, sometimes the only possibility is to eliminate them by using microorganisms or enzymes able to degrade them or using an adsorbent material to retain them. These latter methods are being explored but it is not easy to eliminate amines from wine without eliminating other wine components.
Chemosensing in the Colon
2018, Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Sixth Edition
It has been known for centuries that ingestion of certain foods and for decades that alteration of the gut microbiome by antibiotics or probiotics can have profound effects on physiology and pathophysiology. In the past decade, the mechanisms underlying these observations has become apparent with the discovery of G protein-coupled receptors for components of the gut lumen, including exogenously ingested and endogenously produced substances and bacterial metabolites. Examples of these substances include short- and long-chain fatty acids, bile acids, polyamines, protons, bitter tastants, terpinoids, and bacterial endotoxin. Each of these compounds or class of compounds have conjugate receptors expressed on key signal transducing cells such as enteroendocrine cells or enteric nerves that release hormones or activate neural functions in response to receptor activation by these luminal ligands.
In this chapter, we will describe each class of receptor, describing its ligands and importantly how each contributes to normal and abnormal physiology such as the regulation of insulin relapse, gut motility, gut mucosal proliferation, and mucosal anion secretion. Understanding the function of these receptors should inform the design of molecules that mimic the response to luminal bioactive molecules which in turn regulate neurohormonal mechanisms, with the aim of discovering new therapies for metabolic disease, inflammatory activation, and diarrhea as examples.
Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System
2017, Cell Metabolism
Citation Excerpt :
Polyamines are present in every living cell and fulfill important roles in gene expression and proliferation; therefore their endogenous production in eukaryotic cells is strictly regulated (Miller-Fleming et al., 2015). Oral administration of polyamines enhances the development and maintenance of the intestinal mucosa and resident immune cells (Buts et al., 1993; Dufour et al., 1988; Löser et al., 1999; Pérez-Cano et al., 2010). Conversely, blocking endogenous production of polyamines with a chemical inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase negatively affects maintenance, repair, and function of the intestinal epithelium, although it is not clear if or how this relates to dietary and microbially derived polyamine absorption (Chen et al., 2007; Guo et al., 2003, 2005; Liu et al., 2009; Lux et al., 1980).
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated by a diverse, highly mutualistic microbial flora, which is known as the microbiome. Disruptions to the microbiome have been shown to be associated with severe pathologies of the host, including metabolic disease, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Mood and behavior are also susceptible to alterations in the gut microbiota. A particularly striking example of the symbiotic effects of the microbiome is the immune system, whose cells depend critically on a diverse array of microbial metabolites for normal development and behavior. This includes metabolites that are produced by bacteria from dietary components, metabolites that are produced by the host and biochemically modified by gut bacteria, and metabolites that are synthesized de novo by gut microbes. In this review, we highlight the role of the intestinal microbiome in human metabolic and inflammatory diseases and focus in particular on the molecular mechanisms that govern the gut-immune axis.

View all citing articles on Scopus

: This work was supported by grant 3.4506.84 from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Médicale.

View full text

Spermine and spermidine induce intestinal maturation in the rat

Abstract

The role of cell renewal in the ontogeny of the intestine. I. Cell proliferation patterns in adult, fetal and neonatal intestine

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr

The role of cell renewal in the ontogeny of the intestine. II. Regulation of cell proliferation in adult, fetal and neonatal intestine

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr

Role of milk-borne factors in weaning and intestinal development

Biol Neonate

Ornithine decarboxylase is important in intestinal mucosal maturation and recovery from injury in rats

Science

Polyamines in rapid growth and cancer

Biochim Biophys Acta

A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding

Anal Biochem