Research sectionThe pharmacology of dietary nitrate and the origin of urinary nitrate
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2020, Biochemical PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Total body pool of nitrate is about 0.53 and 0.47 mM in men and women, respectively [57]; the relative contribution of the dietary source and NOS-derived NO to the total body pool of nitrate varies, but with a moderately high intake of green leafy vegetables (~200 g per day), the dietary source clearly dominates [58]. About 25% (20–28%) of circulating nitrate (from diet or endogenous NO) is actively taken up by the salivary glands and concentrated by a factor of 10 in about 5 h [59–63]; nitrate is reduced to the more reactive nitrite anion (NO2–) by the oral commensal bacteria with potent nitrate reductase enzymes [64]. For this reason, the salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations are normally 10–100 and 1000-fold higher than their plasma levels, respectively [65,66].
Urinary NO<inf>x</inf>, a novel potential biomarker for autism spectrum disorder
2020, Free Radical Biology and MedicineCitation Excerpt :Endogenous l-arginine was reported to contributed to urinary nitrate in murine models [37]. However, another study suggested that urinary nitrate mainly came from undetected dietary nitrate, instead of endogenous synthesis [31]. On the other hand, endogenous nitrite can be generated from NO oxidation or nitrate reduction.
<sup>15</sup>N-labelled nitrite/nitrate tracer analysis by LC-MS/MS: Urinary and fecal excretion of nitrite/nitrate following oral administration to mice
2019, Free Radical Biology and Medicine
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Present address: Food Hygiene Reference Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale Avenue, London NW9.