Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in human saliva: Variations with salivary flow-rate
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2021, Nitric Oxide - Biology and ChemistryCitation Excerpt :NO3− is taken up from the plasma [60] by the salivary glands, probably via the sialin transporter [61], concentrated 10–20 fold (200–1000 μM), and secreted into the saliva [61,62]. In humans, the parotid gland is the main contributor to salivary NO3− concentration, approximately 3-fold greater than whole mixed saliva [63]. In humans, the dorsal surface of the tongue is the primary site of oral NO3− reduction [8].
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2019, Journal of DentistryInvolvement of salivary glands in regulating the human nitrate and nitrite levels
2010, Archives of Oral BiologyCitation Excerpt :As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the tendency of decreasing saliva amounts is more prominent than the decrease of salivary nitrate levels. It is known that nitrate concentration varies with salivary flow rate.14 If the nitrate secretion of salivary glands was constant, salivary nitrate levels should have been elevated as a result of being more concentrated due to reduced saliva (fluid) volumes.
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2010, Free Radical Biology and MedicineOral bacteria - The missing link to ambiguous findings of exhaled nitrogen oxides in cystic fibrosis
2009, Respiratory MedicineCitation Excerpt :Nitrate reductase is predominantly found in facultative anaerobics on the posterior surface of the tongue25 and its reducing activity can be effectively blocked by chlorhexidine mouthwash.26 In fact, the presence of nitrite in the saliva is completely dependent upon bacterial reduction of nitrate, which is demonstrated by a total lack of nitrite in saliva collected directly from the parotid glands27 and in saliva from germ-free rats.20 The bacterial formation of nitrite represents a symbiotic relationship which provides host defence against microbial pathogens in the oral cavity and the gut through the further non-enzymatic reduction of nitrite to NO.20 The comparatively higher levels of nitrite in both EBC and saliva from CF patients indicate that they have an altered activity of nitrate reducing bacteria, perhaps even of bacteria in general, in the oral cavity.