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There is a 10-fold international variation in the occurrence of gastric cancer, with rates in men double those of women.
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Globally, rates are declining by approximately 2.5% per annum but this is compensated by growth of and aging in the population.
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Helicobacter pylori infection is the major risk factor for noncardia gastric cancer and is now regarded by some as a necessary cause of such tumors.
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The best route to control noncardia gastric cancer would be through eradication of H pylori, although
Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Section snippets
Key points
Incidence and Mortality: Worldwide Estimates
GLOBOCAN 20081, 2 provides the most recent figures available for the worldwide cancer burden. Almost 1 million new cases of gastric cancer (988,000 cases; 7.8% of all cancers) were estimated to have occurred globally in 2008, making it the fourth most common malignancy in the world, after cancers of the lung (1.68 million cases; 12.7% of all cancers), breast (1.31; 10.9%), and colorectum (1.24; 9.8%). More than 73% (728,000 cases) of gastric cancer cases occur in Asia, and almost half the
Helicobacter pylori
H pylori is a spiral Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach. Although most infections are asymptomatic, H pylori is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. It is thought that H pylori was once ubiquitous in the human population, but in many populations its prevalence is declining in successive birth cohorts and it is now rare among children in Western Europe, North America,
Summary
Gastric cancer is one of the major malignancies in the world, although there is significant international variation in its occurrence with rates in the areas of highest incidence being 10 times greater than in areas of lowest incidence. In general, male rates are double the female rates. Those countries where data are available over time show declining incidence rates with an estimated annual percentage change of −2.5% per annum. In terms of absolute numbers, however, the decline in incidence
Acknowledgments
We thank Joannie Lortet-Tieulent for support in providing the figures and Katiuska Veselinovic for preparing the manuscript.
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Conflict of Interests: Nil.