Original articleCathelicidin, kallikrein 5, and serine protease activity is inhibited during treatment of rosacea with azelaic acid 15% gel
Section snippets
Patients
This study was designed as a multicenter study at University of California–San Diego; University of Alabama, Birmingham; and Valley Hospital Medical Center, Las Vegas, NV. After approval by the Human Research Protection Program at the University of California–San Diego (institutional review board reference number 100473), and upon receiving written informed consent before sampling, 60 adult individuals (age 18-80 years) with at least mild rosacea were enrolled and 55 of those completed the
AzA inhibits KLK5 protein expression in cultured human keratinocytes
To evaluate the effects of AzA on the production of KLK5 in cultured keratinocytes, we compared KLK5 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes treated for 24 hours with AzA at concentrations of 10−2 to 10−13. Protein expression of KLK5 was inhibited by AzA at concentrations of 10−8 mol/L, but only when keratinocytes were grown in high-calcium concentrations (Fig 1, A). There was also a corresponding decrease in KLK5 mRNA expression as measured by
Discussion
Although the cause of rosacea is a complex combination of environmental and genetic factors, considerable evidence suggests an aberrant innate immune detection and response system is important to its development. Previous studies have shown that facial skin from patients with rosacea has excess expression of genes that increase both the sensitivity and reactivity to a variety of environmental triggers including TLR2, KLK5, and CAMP.17 In this study we evaluated whether AzA, a commonly used
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Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant R01-AR052728 to Dr Gallo and an investigator-initiated grant from Bayer (Intendis) to Drs Gallo, Hata, Del Rosso, and Harper.
Disclosure: Dr Del Rosso currently serves or has recently (within the last 2 years) served as a consultant, speaker, and/or researcher for Bayer Dermatology. Dr Coda, Dr Miller, Mr Audish, Mr Kotol, Dr Two, Dr Yamasaki, and Dr Shafiq have no conflicts of interest to declare.