Abstract
Synopsis
Cisapride is an orally administered prokinetic agent which facilitates or restores motility throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a substituted piperidinyl benzamide, chemically related to metoclopramide, but unlike metoclopramide, cisapride is largely devoid of central depressant or antidopaminergic effects.
In placebo-controlled trials, cisapride improved healing rates and symptoms in both adults and children with reflux oesophagitis. Maintenance therapy with cisapride at half the healing dose is effective in reducing the incidence of relapse. Symptoms are also alleviated in patients with functional dyspepsia, and gastric emptying and symptoms are improved in most patients with gastroparesis, an effect which is sustained during long term administration. However, the efficacy of cisapride in end-stage gastroparesis remains less clear. Cisapride increases stool frequency in patients with chronic constipation, and limited data suggest that the drug may also be beneficial in treating chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and irritable bowel syndrome. Cisapride demonstrated efficacy comparable with or superior to that of metoclopramide, and was at least as effective as cimetidine and ranitidine in patients with reflux disease. In patients with functional dyspepsia, cisapride has shown at least equal efficacy to domperidone, metoclopramide and ranitidine, and superior efficacy to cimetidine in the small comparative trials conducted to date.
Adverse effects in patients receiving cisapride are generally transient and mild, with abdominal cramping, borborygmi, diarrhoea or loose stools most frequently reported. Central nervous system adverse effects are rare.
Thus, with its favourable tolerability profile and demonstrated efficacy in a variety of gastrointestinal motility disorders, the position of cisapride as a valuable agent in the management of patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders is strengthening. However, larger well-controlled comparative trials of the drug with other agents are necessary before the relative position of cisapride in therapy can be categorically defined.
Pharmacological Properties
Cisapride stimulates gastrointestinal motor activity through an indirect mechanism involving the release of acetylcholine mediated by postganglionic nerve endings in the myenteric plexus of the gut. It is an agonist of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) at the 5-HT4 receptor as well as an antagonist at the 5-HT3 receptor. Studies indicate that the intestinal effect is most likely to result from activation of 5-HT4 receptors, although other, as yet unidentified serotonin receptors may also be involved.
Cisapride has been shown to reduce the exposure of the oesophagus to gastric acid — an action which can be attributed to its effects on the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP), oesophageal clearing peristalsis and gastric emptying. Cisapride administration generally increases LOSP and oesophageal motility by about 20 to 50% in healthy adult volunteers and patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Increases in LOSP and oesophageal motility have also been found in infants with GORD after administration of the drug and in some patients with systemic sclerosis. Cisapride reduces the duration of oesophageal pH < 4 in adults and children during both day and night.
In comparative studies, cisapride demonstrated an efficacy similar or superior to that of metoclopramide in reducing oesophageal acid exposure in patients with GORD, and had a more prolonged effect. When administered together with ranitidine, cisapride caused a significantly greater reduction in acid reflux than ranitidine alone.
Cisapride accelerated gastric emptying of both solids and liquids to a significantly greater extent than placebo in healthy adults, and patients with idiopathic or diabetic gastroparesis, or GORD. In children with GORD and delayed gastric emptying of solids, final gastric emptying time was significantly reduced from 145 to 95 minutes after 8 weeks’ treatment with cisapride 0.3mg/kg 3 times daily. An improvement in gastric emptying has been observed in adults with intestinal pseudo-obstruction and in patients with primary anorexia nervosa after cisapride administration. Cisapride was more effective than metoclopramide in accelerating gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis and demonstrated similar efficacy to that of domperidone. Increased gastric emptying was sustained in patients with idiopathic or diabetic gastroparesis treated with cisapride and followed for up to 3 years.
Antroduodenal motility and its coordination were improved following single or multiple doses of cisapride in healthy volunteers and patients with dyspepsia during fasting and fed conditions. Antroduodenal coordination was enhanced in patients with diabetic gastroparesis and the postprandial duodenal motility index improved in children with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
Cisapride reduced transit time through the small and large bowel in healthy volunteers and patients with deficiencies in propulsive activity, including patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy, quadriplegics and patients with gas bloat syndrome. Colonic transit time was reduced by cisapride in healthy volunteers and patients with diabetes and in patients following cholecystectomy, and the number of bowel movements increased in healthy volunteers and patients with constipation.
Peak plasma concentrations of cisapride are achieved 1 to 2 hours after oral administration of a single 5 to 20mg dose. The absolute bioavailability of the oral formulation of the drug is 40 to 50%. The volume of distribution is 2.4 L/kg and cisapride is 98% bound to plasma proteins in vitro. The drug is extensively metabolised; however, the metabolites do not appear to contribute significantly to the pharmacological activity of the drug. An elimination half-life of approximately 10 hours has been found in healthy volunteers, which may be prolonged in patients with hepatic disease and in the elderly. Renal dysfunction does not appear to affect the pharmacokinetics of cisapride and the drug is not removed by haemodialysis.
Therapeutic Efficacy
In patients with GORD, endoscopically confirmed response rates after administration of cisapride 10mg 4 times daily or placebo ranged from 57 to 73% and from 12 to 53%, respectively. Cisapride therapy was associated with greater symptomatic improvement than placebo, with good or excellent responses in 57 to 91% and in 13 to 52% of patients, respectively. Cisapride 10mg 4 times daily or 20mg twice daily demonstrated similar efficacy to cimetidine 400mg 4 times daily or ranitidine 150mg twice daily in comparative trials. No significant differences were found in mucosal healing rates or symptomatic improvement between cisapride and histamine H2 receptor antagonists, whereas metoclopramide 10mg 3 times daily appeared less effective in healing mucosal lesions. Coadministration of cisapride 40mg daily with ranitidine or cimetidine improved healing rates vs either agent as monotherapy.
Cisapride treatment may be beneficial in children with reflux disease, with studies showing greater improvement in reflux parameters vs placebo and further improvement when cisapride was administered in combination with postural and dietary therapy. In preliminary comparative studies, cisapride demonstrated similar efficacy to cimetidine or a combination of Gaviscon® and Carobel®, and its efficacy was similar or superior to that of metoclopramide, although the onset of symptom relief was more rapid in cisapride recipients. Cisapride improved symptoms in some children with cystic fibrosis-associated reflux; however, further larger trials of the drug in this disease are warranted.
Long term treatment with a low dosage of cisapride was effective in prolonging the duration of symptomatic and endoscopic remission, consequently reducing the incidence of relapse after endoscopically-proven healing of oesophagitis with cisapride or histamine H2 receptor antagonists. After 12 months, relapse rates were significantly lower in patients treated with cisapride vs placebo (32 vs 51%; p < 0.01). The duration of remission tended to be longer in patients with a lower initial degree of oesophagitis.
Cisapride is effective in alleviating symptoms of functional dyspepsia (epigastric discomfort or pain, belching, bloatedness, abdominal distension, early satiety). Good or excellent responses have been reported in 63 to 86% of patients in clinical trials after treatment with cisapride 5 or 10mg 3 times daily for 3 to 6 weeks. Cisapride was superior to placebo in alleviating dyspeptic symptoms in most studies, although the placebo response was generally high in patients with functional dyspepsia (20 to 55%). In some trials the superior efficacy of cisapride vs placebo was confined to the subgroup of patients with severe symptoms, or to the first 2-week observation period. Cisapride was more effective than placebo in improving symptoms in patients with dyspepsia refractory to metoclopramide or domperidone. In comparative studies, cisapride demonstrated similar efficacy to metoclopramide, domperidone, clebopride, ranitidine and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (bismuth subcitrate) in alleviating dyspeptic symptoms, and was superior to cimetidine in the subgroup of patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia. In large-scale noncomparative trials, response rates to cisapride were good or excellent in about 80% of patients, generally irrespective of dyspepsia subgroup, concomitant disease and co-medication, but were lower in patients receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Dyspeptic symptoms recurred in about 30% of patients during a 6-month follow-up in 1 trial and were associated with pretreatment duration of dyspepsia and mean symptom score at the end of treatment.
Improved gastric emptying after cisapride administration in patients with gastroparesis of various origins was associated with symptom improvement in most short and long term studies. Cisapride was generally superior to placebo in improving symptoms (mainly epigastric pain, bloating and prolonged digestion) although its efficacy in patients with severe disease remains unclear. Long term treatment with cisapride 10 to 20mg 3 times daily generally sustained accelerated gastric emptying and symptom improvement in patients followed for 2 years. Clinical studies indicate that cisapride may be effective in improving gastrointestinal atony in the postoperative phase, accelerating gastric emptying and facilitating bowel recovery; however, further studies are necessary to clarify its role in this indication.
An increase in stool frequency with reduced laxative use has been found in some patients with chronic constipation following treatment with cisapride 5 to 10mg 3 times daily or 20mg twice daily. A significant increase in stool frequency has been reported in children following administration of cisapride 0.2mg/kg 3 times daily for 12 weeks, whereas placebo did not have a significant effect. The efficacy of the drug in alleviating chronic constipation in paraplegic patients remains unclear. Similarly, the possible beneficial effect of cisapride in treatment of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome and gastric ulcer remains to be defined.
Tolerability
Cisapride is well tolerated by the majority of patients during short and long term treatment, and cessation of therapy due to adverse effects is rarely necessary. Transient abdominal cramping, borborygmi and diarrhoea or loose stools, the most frequently reported adverse events, are extensions of the pharmacological profile of cisapride. The drug is also well tolerated by infants and children, with an incidence of adverse effects similar to that reported in adults. Notably, central nervous system effects, such as somnolence or fatigue, are rare and extrapyramidal reactions do not occur with cisapride. Small trials suggest the incidence of adverse events reported during cisapride therapy is similar to that with cimetidine or ranitidine, but cisapride may be better tolerated than metoclopramide and clebopride.
The acceleration of gastric emptying by cisapride may affect the absorption of other drugs. Concomitant administration of cisapride with ranitidine or cimetidine significantly increases the rate of absorption of the H2 antagonists and the bioavailability of cisapride is increased by cimetidine administration. Cisapride also accelerates absorption of disopyramide, flecainide, cyclosporin, alcohol and morphine, and may increase coagulation time in patients receiving anticoagulant agents concomitantly.
Dosage and Administration
Patients with functional dyspepsia or constipation should receive oral cisapride 5mg 3 times daily, increasing to 10mg 3 times daily if necessary. Cisapride should be administered at the higher dosage of 10mg 4 times daily to patients with GORD or gastroparesis; 0.2 mg/kg (increased to 0.3 mg/kg if necessary) 3 to 4 times daily (suspension formulation) is recommended in infants and children with GORD. The recommended dosage for maintenance treatment of GORD is half that recommended for healing i.e. 10mg twice daily or 20mg once daily, which may be increased to 20mg twice daily. A 50% reduction in initial dosage is recommended in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. In all instances, cisapride should be taken 15 to 30 minutes prior to a meal.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abell TL, Camilleri M, DiMagno EP, Hench VS, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Long-term efficacy of oral cisapride in symptomatic upper gut dysmotility. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 36: 616–620, 1991
Agorastos I, Akriviadis E, Goulis G. Effect of cisapride in nonulcer dyspepsia. A placebo-controlled trial. Current Therapeutic Research 49: 870–877, 1991
Arabehety JT, Leitão OR, Fassler S, Olarte M, Serrano C. Cisapride and metoclopramide in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clinical Therapeutics 10: 421–428, 1988
Archimandritis A, Tzivras M, Fertakis A, Emmanuel A, Laoudi F, et al. Cisapride, metoclopramide and ranitidine in the treatment of severe nonulcer dyspepsia. Clinical Therapeutics 14: 553–561, 1992
Badiali D, Corazziari E, Habib FI, Bausano G, Viscardi A, et al. A double-blind controlled trial on the effect of cisapride in the treatment of constipation in paraplegic patients. Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 3: 263–267, 1991
Baldi F, Bianchi Porro G, Dobrilla G, Iascone C, Lobello R, et al. Cisapride versus placebo in reflux esophagitis. A multi-center, double-blind trial. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 10: 614–618, 1988
Baldi F, Longanesi A, Barberani F, Vantini I. Cisapride in idiopathic constipation. A clinical-functional study. Abstract. World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Sydney, Australia, 26–31 August, 1990
Benini L, Caliari S, Bardelli E, Pilati S, Bonfante F, et al. Cisapride in severe chronic constipation. A double blind study. Gut 32: A575–A576, 1991
Berger V, Armbrecht U, Heusinger A, Wienbeck M, Stockbrügger R. The effect of cisapride on defecation in normal human subjects — lack of effect on faecal excretion of water, fat and bile acids. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3: 547–552, 1989
Bergmann J-F, Chassany O, Guillausseau PJ, Bayle M, Chagnon S, et al. Simultaneous noninvasive evaluation of gastric emptying and orocaecal transit times. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 43: 121–124, 1992
Binnie NR, Creasey GH, Edmond P, Smith AN. The action of cisapride on the chronic constipation of paraplegia. Paraplegia 26: 151–158, 1988
Blum AL, Adami B, Bouzo MH, Brandstätter G, Fumagalli I, et al. Effect of cisapride on relapse of esophagitis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 38: 551–560, 1993
Bost R, Hostein J, Carpentier P, Sallenave JR, Franco A, et al. Effects of cisapride on oesophageal motility patterns in systemic sclerosis. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4: 323–328, 1992
Boivin M, Diamant N. Cisapride in the treatment of gastroparesis. Abstract. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 11: 41, 1991
Bouzo H. Cisapride in the postcholecystectomy syndrome. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Current Therapeutic Research 47: 566–570, 1990
Bright N, Whelan G, Russell C. Effect of cisapride on the oesophageal propulsive force and manometric pressure waves. Abstract. Gut 30: A728, 1989
Buchheit K-H, Costall B, Engel G, Gunning SJ, Naylor RJ, et al. 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonism by metoclopramide and ICS 205–930 in the guinea pig leads to enhancement of contractions of stomach muscle strips induced by electrical field stimulation and facilitation of gastric emptying in vivo. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 37: 664–667, 1985
Buchheit K-H, Buhl T. Prokinetic benzamides stimulate peristaltic activity in the isolated guinea pig ileum by activation of 5-HT4 receptors. European Journal of Pharmacology 205: 203–208, 1991
Camilleri M, Malagelada J-R, Abell TL, Brown ML, Hench V, et al. Effect of six weeks of treatment with cisapride in gastroparesis and intestinal pseudoobstruction. Gastroenterology 96: 704–712, 1989
Camilleri M, Balm RK, Zinsmeister AR. Influence of neurologic dysfunction on response to cisapride in adults with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Gastroenterology 104: Abstract No. 486, 1993
Carroccio A, Iacono G, Li Voti G, Montalto G, Cavataio F, et al. Gastric emptying in infants with gastroesophageal reflux. Ultrasound evaluation before and after cisapride administration. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 27: 799–804, 1992
Ceccatelli P, Janssens J, Vantrappen G, Cucchiara S. Cisapride restores the decreased lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in reflux patients. Gut 29: 631–635, 1988
Champion MC, Gulenchyn K, Braaten J, Irvine P, O’Leary T, et al. Cisapride (Prepulsid) is effective therapy in the management of diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). Abstract. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4 (Suppl. 3): 25, 1989
Champion MC, Braaten J, Gulenchyn K. Domperidone (motilium) compared to cisapride (Prepulsid) in the management of gastroparesis. Abstract. American Journal of Gastroenterology 86: 1309, 1991
Chung JM. Cisapride in chronic dyspepsia: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28 (Suppl. 195): 11–14, 1993
Clevers GJ, Hendriks AV, Smout AJPM, Akkermans LMA, van Vroonhoven TJMV. Prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study on the effect of cisapride on early postoperative nausea and vomiting. Surgical Research Communications 10: 45–50, 1991
Cohen NP, Booth IW, Parashar K, Corkery JJ. Successful management of idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction with cisapride. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 23: 229–230, 1988
Cooper T, Cutts T, Abell TL, West L, Cardoso S. Long-term cisapride therapy improves quality of life measures in patients with symptoms of gastroparesis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 100: A432, 1991
Corazziari E, Bontempo I, Anzini F. Effects of cisapride on distal esophageal motility in humans. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 34: 1600–1605, 1989
Corbould A, Mackic ADR, Merrick M, Baird JD. Effect of cisapride on blood glucose control in patients with unstable diabetes. Abstract. Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Prague, September 8–11, 1992
Corinaldesi R, Raiti C, Stanghellini V, Monetti N, Rea E, et al. Comparative effects of oral cisapride and metoclopramide on gastric emptying of solids and symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis. Current Therapeutic Research 42: 428–435, 1987a
Corinaldesi R, Stanghellini V, Raiti C, Rea E, Salgemini R, et al. Effect of chronic administration of cisapride on gastric emptying of a solid meal and on dyspeptic symptoms in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Gut 28: 300–305, 1987b
Corinaldesi R, Stanghellini V, Tosetti C, Rea E, Corbelli C, et al. The effect of different dosage schedules of cisapride on gastric emptying in idiopathic gastroparesis. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 44: 429–432, 1993
Craig DA, Clarke DE. Pharmacological characterization of a neuronal receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine in guinea pig ileum with properties similar to the 5-hydroxytryptamine4 receptor. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 252: 1378–1386, 1990
Cucchiara S, Bortolotti M, Boccieri A, De Stefano M, Di Nola M, et al. Effects of cisapride on antro-duodenal motility and on duodenogastric reflux in children with functional dyspepsia. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology 21: 372, 1989
Cucchiara S, Staiano A, Boccieri A, De Stefano M, Capozzi C, et al. Effects of cisapride on parameters of oesophageal motility and on the prolonged intraoesophageal pH test in infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 31: 21–25, 1990
Cucchiara S, Santamaria F, Andreotti MR, Minella R, Ercolini P, et al. Mechanisms of gastro-oesophageal reflux in cystic fibrosis. Archives of Disease in Childhood 66: 617–622, 1991
Cucchiara S, Bortolotti M, Minella R, Manzi G, Vitiello G, et al. Children with functional gastrointestinal symptoms: effects of cisapride on fasting antroduodenal motility, gastric emptying of liquids and symptoms. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 4: 627–633, 1992
Cullen PT, Sutton D, Millar B, Kennedy NSJ, Cuschieri A, et al. An open evaluation of cisapride on gastric and small bowel motor activity in gas bloat syndrome. Current Therapeutic Research 45: 934–942, 1989
Dakkak M, Tooley PJH, Bennett JR, Janssen Research Group. Comparing cisapride with ranitidine in oesophagitis. II United European Gastroenterology Week, Barcelona, July 19–24, 1993. Abstract No. 168, 1993
de Both PSM, de Groot GH, Slootman HR. Effects of cisapride on constipation in paraplegic patients. A placebo-controlled randomized double-blind cross-over study. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4 (12): 1013–1017, 1992
De Caestecker JS, Ewing DJ, Tothill P, Clarke BF, Heading RC. Evaluation of oral cisapride and metoclopramide in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: an eight-week double-blind crossover study. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3: 69–81, 1989
de Groot GH, de Pagter GF. Effects of cisapride on constipation due to a neurological lesion. Paraplegia 26: 159–161, 1988
Degryse H, De Schepper A, Verlinden M. A double-blind fluoroscopic study of cisapride on gastrointestinal motility in patients with functional dyspepsia. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28 (Suppl. 195): 1–4, 1993
Del Favero G, Meggiato T, Scalon P, Basso D, Battaglia G, et al. Sucralfate and cisapride in the treatment of duodenogastric reflux and dyspepsia. A randomized study. Current Therapeutic Research 51 (4): 604–610, 1992
DeMicco M, Berenson M, Wu W, Castell D, Lanza F, et al. Cisapride in the treatment of GERD. A double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter dose-response trial. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A59, 1992
De Nutte N, Van Ganse W, Witterhulge M, Defrance P. Relief of epigastric pain in nonulcer dyspepsia: controlled trial of the promotility drug cisapride. Clinical Therapeutics 11: 62–68, 1989
Di Lorenzo C, Reddy SN, Villanueva-Meyer J, Mena I, Martin S, et al. Cisapride in children with chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Gastroenterology 101: 1564–1570, 1991
Dodds W, Champion M, Orr W, Robinson M, Spechler S. Oral cisapride in GERD: a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Abstract. Gastroenterology 96: A126, 1989
Dumuis A, Sebben M, Bockaert J. The gastrointestinal prokinetic benzamide derivatives are agonists at the non-classical 5-HT receptor (5-HT4) positively coupled to adenylate cyclase in neurons. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology 340: 403–410, 1989
Duvas A, Papalagara G, Ioarinou A, Spiliotis S. Comparison of cisapride with ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. II United European Gastroenterology Week, Barcelona, July 19–24, 1993. Abstract No. 170, 1993
Dworkin BM, Rosenthal WS, Casellas A, Lebovics E, Girolamo R, et al. Cisapride significantly improves symptoms and gastric emptying in idiopathic gastroparesis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: 443, 1992
Eglen RM, Swank SR, Walsh LKM, Whiting RL. Characterization of 5-HT3 and ‘atypical’ 5-HT receptors mediating guinea-pig ileal contractions in vitro. British Journal of Pharmacology 101: 513–520, 1990
Elswood CJ, Bunce KT, Humphrey PPA. Identification of putative 5-HT4 receptors in guinea-pig ascending colon. European Journal of Pharmacology 196: 149–155, 1991
Enck P, Arping HG, Engel S, Bielefeldt K, Erckenbrecht JE Effects of cisapride on ano-rectal sphincter function. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3: 539–545, 1989
Etienne M, Verlinden M, Brassinne A. Treatment with cisapride of the gastrointestinal and urological sequelae of spinal cord transection. Case report. Paraplegia 26: 162–164, 1988
Evans DF, Ledingham SJ, Kapila L. The effect of medical therapy on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children. World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Sydney, Australia, 26–31 August, 1990. Abstract no. 53, 1990
Evans PR, Kellow JE, Bak YT, Jones MR Effects of cisapride on small bowel motility in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Abstract. Gastroenterology 104: A504, 1993
Evreux M, Fournet J, Galmiche JP, Soule J, Vitaux P. Endoscopic and clinical evaluation of cisapride and cimetidine in reflux oesophagitis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 94: A120, 1988
Farup PG, Tjora S, Tholfsen JK. Effect of cisapride on symptoms and biliary drainage in patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 26: 945–950, 1991
Faruqui S, Sigmund C, Smith R, Fitch D, Mellow M, et al. Cisapride in the treatment of GERD: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter dose-response trial. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A66, 1992
Fehr HE Risk factors, co-medication, and concomitant diseases: their influence on the outcome of therapy with cisapride. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28 (Suppl. 195): 40–46, 1993
Feldman M, Smith HJ. Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of indigestible solids in patients with gastroparesis diabeticorum. Gastroenterology 92: 171–174, 1987
Fette C, Nagrani M, Traube M. Effect of long-term oral cisapride on gastric emptying in patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis. Abstract. American Journal of Gastroenterology 84: A127, 1989
Finet L, Westeel PF, Hary L, Maurel G, Andrejak M, et al. Effects of cisapride on the intestinal absorption of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients. Abstract. Gastroenterology 100: A209, 1991
Frascio M, Passaretti S, Surrenti C, Manzi G. Treatment of chronic constipation with a controlled release formulation of cisapride. World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Sydney, Australia, 26–31 August 1990. Abstract no. 1151, 1990
Fraser AG, Arthur JF, Hamilton I. Intestinal pseudoobstruction secondary to amyloidosis responsive to cisapride. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 36 (4): 532–535, 1991
Fraser R, Horowitz M, Maddox A, Dent J. Dual effects of cisapride on gastric emptying and antropyloroduodenal motility. Americal Journal of Physiology 3: G195–G201, 1993
Fukahori M, Nakashima K, Takemura K, Ooyama K, Nakagawa A. Effects of cisapride on abdominal symptoms of chronic schizophrenics and elderly patients in bed-ridden status. Yakuri to Chiryo 19: 195–203, 1991
Fumagalli I, Hammer B. Cisapride versus metoclopramide in the treatment of functional dyspepsia — a double-blind comparative trial. In press. Scandivanian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1993
Furuya M, Oki K, Ohta K. Effect of cisapride on chronic gastritis. Shinryo to Shinyaku 28 (4): 111–118, 1991
Galmiche JP, Brandstätter G, Evreux M, Hentschel E, Kerstan E, et al. Combined therapy with cisapride and cimetidine in severe reflux oesophagitis: a double-blind controlled trial. Gut 29: 675–681, 1988
Galmiche JP, Fraitag B, Filoche B, Evreux M, Vitaux J, et al. Double-blind comparison of cisapride and cimetidine in treatment of reflux esophagitis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 35: 649–655, 1990
Gerl A, Storck M, Schalhorn A, Müller-Höcker J, Jauch KW, et al. Paraneoplastic chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction as a rare complication of bronchial carcinoid. Gut 33: 1000–1003, 1992
Ghigliani M, Iantorno G, Vazquez S, Varela A. Acute effect of the gastrokinetics cisapride and metoclopramide on the gastric emptying function in patients with the early satiety syndrome. Acta Gastroenterologica Latinoamerican 17: 43–50, 1987
Gilbert RJ, Dodds WJ, Kahrilas PJ, Hogan WJ, Lipman S. Effect of cisapride, a new prokinetic agent, in oesophageal motor function. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 32: 1331–1336, 1987
Gladziwa U, Bares R, Klotz U, Dakshinamurty KV, Ittel TH, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisapride in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 50: 673–681, 1991
González-Galicia JA, Juárez G, Galindo S, Suárez Morán E. Valoración clínica y endoscópica de la eficacia de cisaprida en comparación con metoclopramida en el reflujo gastroesofágico en ninos. Investigatión Médica International 19: 10–15, 1992
Greally P, Hampton FJ, MacFadyen UM, Simpson H. Gaviscon and carobel compared with cisapride in gastro-oesphageal reflux. Archives of Disease in Childhood 67: 618–621, 1992
Haringsma J, Bartelsman JFWM, Bemelman WA, Tytgat GNJ. Cisapride affects lower esophageal pressure in volunteers pretreated with theophylline. Hepato-Gastroenterology 35: 180–181, 1988
Hausken T, Berstad A. Cisapride treatment of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and erosive prepyloric changes. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 27 (3): 213–217, 1992
Havelund T, Øster-Jørgensen E, Eshøj O, Larsen ML, Lauritsen K. Effects of cisapride on gastroparesis in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Acta Medica Scandinavia 222: 339–343, 1987
Hedner T, Hedner J, Gelin-Friberg A, Huang ML, Van de Poel S, et al. Comparative bioavailability of a cisapride suppository and tablet formulation in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 38: 629–631, 1990
Heitlinger LA, McClung HJ, Murray RD, Li BUK. Recurrent pancreatitis in three patients with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 13: 92–95, 1991
Hellström PM, Aly A, Johansson C. Cisapride stimulates small intestinal motility and relieves constipation in myelopathy due to cervical spinal stenosis. Case report. Paraplegia 28: 261–264, 1990
Heyse PM, Rambaldo R, Hazelhoff B. Factors affecting short- and long-term outcome of a short therapeutic trial with cisapride in dyspeptic patients. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28 (Suppl. 195): 15–24, 1993
Hofmeyr GJ, Sonnendecker EW. Secretion of the gastrokinetic agent cisapride in human milk. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 30: 735–736, 1986
Holloway RH, Downton J, Mitchell B, Dent J. Effect of cisapride on postprandial gastro-oesophageal reflux. Gut 30: 1187–1193, 1989
Holtmann G, Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia: current treatment recommendations. Drugs 45: 918–930, 1993
Hopman WPM, Kerstens PJ, De Jong AJL, Hafkenschied JCM, Jansen JB, et al. Effect of cisapride on gallbladder volume and pancreatic enzyme and plasma pancreatic polypeptide secretion in man. Netherlands Journal of Medicine 29: 149, 1986
Horowitz M, Maddox A, Harding PE, Maddern GJ, Chatterton BE, et al. Effect of cisapride on gastric and oesophageal emptying in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 93: 1899–1907, 1987
Horowitz M, Roberts P. Long-term efficacy of cisapride in diabetic gastroparesis. The American Journal of Medicine 88: 195–196, 1990
Humphrey PPA, Bunce KT. Tachycardia during cisapride treatment. British Medical Journal 305: 1019–1020, 1992
Hurlimann S, Shorvon P, Misiewicz JJ. Effects of cisapride on symptoms and ileo-caecal transit in patients with the bloated irritable bowel syndrome. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102 (Suppl.) A460, 1992
Hüttemann W. Cisapride in the treatment of oesophagitis. A placebocontrolled trial. In Johnson & Lux (Eds) Progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders: the role of cisapride, pp. 56–61, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1988
Hyman PE, McDiarmid SV, Napolitano J, Abrams CE, Tomomasa T. Antroduodenal motility in children with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Pediatrics 112: 899–905, 1988
Hyman PE, Napolitano JA, Diego A, Patel S, Flores AF, et al. Antroduodenal manometry in the evaluation of chronic functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Pediatrics 86: 39–44, 1990
Hyman PE, DiLorenzo CD, McAdams L, Flores AF, Tomomasa T, et al. Prediciting the clinical response to cisapride in children with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. American Journal of Gastroenterology 88: 832–836, 1993
Imai K, Ichihara H, Edagawa K, Nishioka Y. A clinical investigation into the use of cisapride (Risamol ®)intreatment of gastrointestinal symptoms. Shinryoto Shinyaku 28: 157–168, 1991
Inauen W, Emda C, Weber B, Armstrong D, Bettschen HU, et al. Effects of ranitidine and cisapride on acid reflux and oesophageal motility in patients with reflux oesophagitis: a 24-hour ambulatory combined pH and manometry study. Gut 34: 1025–1031, 1993
Inman W, Kubota K. Tachycardia during cisapride treatment. British Medical Journal 305: 1019, 1992
Inoue M, Sekiguchi T, Harasawa S, Miwa T, Miyoshi A. Dyspepsia and dyspepsia subgroups in Japan: symptom profiles and experience with cisapride. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28 (Suppl. 195): 36–39, 1993
Janisch HD, Hüttemann W, Bouzo MH. Cisapride versus ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Hepato-gastroenterology 35: 125–127, 1988
Janisch HD, Loose K, Schoenfeld H. Influence of cisapride (CIS) and bisacodyl (BIS) on hospital acquired constipation. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A15, 1992
Jian R, Ducrot F, Ruskone A, Chaussade S, Rambaud JC, et al. Symptomatic, radionuclide and therapeutic assessment of chronic idiopathic dyspepsia. A double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of cisapride. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 34: 657–664, 1989
Jones MJ, Mitchell RWD, Hindocha N. Effects on the lower oesophageal sphincter of cisapride given before the combined administration of atropine and neostigmine. British Journal of Anaesthesia 62: 124–128, 1989
Kahan A, Chaussade S, Gaudric M, Freitag B, Amor B, et al. The effect of cisapride on gastro-oesophageal dysfunction in systemic sclerosis. A controlled manometric study. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 31: 683–687, 1991
Kasai S, Tanaka K, Machimura H, Takeda H, Kaneshige H, et al. Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying in diabetic patients without gastrointestinal symptoms. Tokai Journal of Experimental Clinical Medicine 16: 97–102, 1991
Katschinski M, Röder M, Shirra J, Wank R, Arnold M, et al. Pattern of human postprandial esophageal motility: effect of cisapride. Abstract. Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 4: 226, 1992
Katschinski M, Ducree M, Wank U, Arnold R, Adler G. Comparison of cisapride and metoclopramide as oesophageal prokinetics in healthy humans. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 5: 677–682, 1993
Kaumann AJ. 5-HT4-like receptors in mammalian atria. Journal of Neural Transmission Supplementum 34: 195–201, 1991
Kawagishi T, Nishizawa Y, Okuno Y, Sekiya K, Morii H. Segmentai gut transit in diabetes mellitus: effect of cisapride. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 17: 137–144, 1992
Kawagashi T, Nishizawa Y, Okuno Y, Sekiya K, Morii H. Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of indigestible solids and plasma motilin concentration in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. American Journal of Gastroenterology 88: 933–938, 1993
Kendall BJ, Kendall ET, McCallum RW. Cisapride in the long term treatment of chronic gastroparesis: a two year open label study. Abstract. Gastroenterology 104: 14, 1993
Kerrigan DD, Taylor ME, Read NW, Johnson. Acid, motility, and ulcers: a comparison of cisapride with placebo in the prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse. Gut 34: 1042–1046, 1993
Kirch W, Janisch HD, Ohnhaus EE, van Peer A. Cisapride-cimetidine interaction: enhanced cisapride bioavailability and accelerated cimetidine absorption. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 11: 411–414, 1989
Kishi S, Inoi J, Ito S, Mori H, Seijo T. A clinical evaluation of cisapride in treatment for reflux esophagitis — a comparative study of H2-blocker monotherapy and concurrent therapy with cisapride. Shinryo to Shinyaku 29: 1608–1618, 1992
Koch KL, Bingaman S, Sperry N, Stern RM. Effect of cisapride on gastric electro-mechanical activity in healthy volunteers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Abstract. Gastroenterology 100 (Suppl.): A459, 1991
Koelz HR, Blum AL, Campy-Cis Studiengruppe. Behandlung der Helicobacter-Positiven und -negativen dyspepsie: vergleich von cisaprid und wismuth-subzitrat. Abstract. 58th Annual Meeting of the Swiss Association of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Interlaken, September 23–25, 1993
Krevsky B, Malmud LS, Maurer AH, Somers MB, Siegel JA, et al. The effect of oral cisapride on colonic transit. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1: 293–304, 1987
Krevsky B, Maurer AH, Malmud LS, Fisher RS. Cisapride accelerates colonie transit in constipated patients with colonie inertia. American Journal of Gastroenterology 84: 882–887, 1989
Kuroda T, Yoshihara Y, Nakamura H, Azumi T, Inatome T, et al. Effects of cisapride on gastrointestinal motor activity and gastric emptying of disopyramide. Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics 15: 395–402, 1992
Lepoutre L, Bollen J, Vandewalle N, Laukens P, Cabooter M, et al. Therapeutic effects of cisapride in reflux oesophagitis. A doubleblind, placebo-controlled study. In Johnson & Lux (Eds) Progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders: the role of cisapride, pp 63–65. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1988
Lepoutre L, van der Spek P, Vanderlinden I, Bollen J, Laukens P. Healing of grade-II and III oesophagitis through motility stimulation with cisapride. Digestion 45: 109–114, 1990
Lie-A-Huen L. Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology of flecainide in episodic treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Pharmaceutich Weekblad 14: 370–372, 1992
Limburg AJ, Smit AJ, Kleibeuker JH. Effects of cisapride on the esophageal motor function of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis or mixed connective tissue disease. Digestion 49: 156–160, 1991
Lobello R, Cirillo M, Borio G, De Falco R, Trombetti A. Combined treatment with cisapride and ranitidine in reflux oesophagitis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 104: A136, 1993
MacColl C, MacCannell KL, Baylis B, Lee SS. Treatment of acute colonic pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie’s syndrome) with cisapride. Gastroenterology 98: 773–776, 1990
Maddern GJ, Jamieson GG, Myers JC, Collins PJ. Effect of cisapride on delayed gastric emptying in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 32: 470–474, 1991
Madsen JL. Effects of cisapride on gastrointestinal transit in healthy humans. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 35: 1500–1504, 1990
Maleev A, Mendizova A, Popov P, Vlahov V, Dimitrov B, et al. Cisapride and cimetidine in the treatment of erosive esophagitis. Hepato-Gastroenterology 37: 403–407, 1990
Malfroot A, Dab I. New insights on gastro-oesophageal reflux in cystic fibrosis by longitudinal follow up. Archives of Disease in Childhood 66: 1339–1345, 1991
Manousos ON, Apostolos M, Michailidis D. Treatment of reflux symptoms in oesophagitis patients: comparative trial of cisapride and metoclopramide. Current Therapeutic Research 42: 807–813, 1987
Martignoni E, Facchinetti F, Comitini G, Sances G, Nappi G, et al. Cisapride (R 51619) has no effect on anterior pituitary secretions. Neuroendocrinology Letters 9: 57–61, 1986
Marzio L, DiGiammarco AM, Capone F, Neri M, Mezzetti A, et al. Effect of cisapride in human fasting gallbladder volume: A real time ultrasonographic study. European Journal of Pharmacology 29: 631–633, 1986
Marzio L, Neri M, De Angelis C, Di Felice F, Celiberti V. Effect of cisapride on gallbladder kinetics in normals and patients with decreased gallbladder response to a liquid meal. Current Therapeutic Research 42: 895–900, 1987
Marzio L, Grossi L, Alameddine M, Porreca E, Cuccurullo F. 48-Hour continuous pH measurement in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux: effect of cisapride. Drug Investigation 4: 62–65, 1992a
Marzio L, DiFelice F, Laico MG, Imbimbo B, Lapenna D, et al. Gallbladder hypokinesia and normal gastric emptying of liquids in patients with dyspeptic symptoms. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with cisapride. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 37: 262–267, 1992b
McCallum RW, Prakash C, Campoli-Richards DM, Goa KL. Cisapride. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use as a prokinetic agent in gastrointestinal motility disorders. Drugs 36: 652–681, 1988
McHugh S, Lico S, Diamant N. Cisapride vs metoclopramide: an acute study in diabetic gastroparesis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 37: 997–1001, 1992
McTavish D, Buckley MM.-T, Heel RC. Omeprazole. An updated review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in acid-related disorders. Drugs 42: 138–170, 1991
Meuldermans W, van Peer A, Hendrickx J, Lauwers W, Swysen E, et al. Excretion and biotransformation of cisapride in dogs and humans after oral administration. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 16 (3): 403–409, 1988
Meulemans AL, Schuurkes JAJ. Is the action of cisapride on the guinea-pig ileum mediated via 5-HT4 receptors?. European Journal of Pharmacology 212 (1): 51–59, 1992
Meyer-Wyss B, Beglinger C, Mossi S, Burckhardt B. 13C-Acetate breath test (AceBT) reliably quantitates fat-induced delayed gastric emptying (GE) and its reversal. Gastroenterology 102 (Suppl. 4): 485, 1992
Miazza B, Halter F, Brignoli R. A multicentric comparative trial in functional dyspepsia: cisapride versus cimetidine. Abstract. Gastroenterology 104: A18, 1993
Michiels M, Monbaliu J, Hendriks R, Geerts R, Woestenborghs R, et al. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the new gastrokinetic agent cisapride in rat, rabbit and dog. Arzneimittel-Forschung 37: 1159–1167, 1987
Milligan KA, McHugh P, Rowbotham DJ. Effects of concomitant administration of cisapride and ranitidine on plasma concentrations in volunteers. British Journal of Anaesthesia 63: 628P, 1989
Montalto G, Di Marco C, Ruggeri I, Carroccio A, Pisciotta G. Effect of cisapride on total intestinal transit in diabetic patients with constipation. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A488, 1992
Montoya ML, Hébuterne X, Carrière D, Rampal P. Effect of cisapride on small intestinal motor activity in insulin-dependent diabetics. Abstract. Gastroenterology 100: A471, 1991
Mundo F, Feregrino H, Fernández J, Teramoto O, Abad P, et al. Clinical evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in children. A double blind study of cisapride vs metoclopramide. Abstract. American Journal of Gastroenterology 85: 1222, 1990
Murray RD, Ulysses B, Li K, McClung J, Heitlinger L, Rehm D. Cisapride for intractable constipation in children. Observations from an open trial. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 11: 503–508, 1990
Nicolaidis CL, Kehagioglou K, Montzaris G, Papadatou-Marinou A, Saklaridis J, et al. Therapeutic effect of two dosages of cisapride in controlling reflux symptoms in esophagitis patients. Current Therapeutic Research 42: 1059–1065, 1987
Nurko S, Garcia JA, Guerrero V. Use of cisapride in the treatment of children with chronic intractable constipation (CIC). Abstract. Gastroenterology 100: A476, 1991
Olsson S, Edwards IR. Tachycardia during cisapride treatment. British Medical Journal 305: 748–749, 1992
Otten MH, Geldof H, Hazelhoff B, Reyntjens A. Double-blind comparison of the effect of two dosage schedules of cisapride with that of ranitidine on endoscopic healing rates in reflux oesophagitis. Abstract. Netherlands Journal of Medicine 39: A2, 1991
Patterson DJ, Eisenberg B, Skinner SF. Cisapride is effective longterm therapy for diabetic gastroparesis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 104: 564, 1993
Pelckmans PA, Michielsen PP, Jorens PG, van Maercke YM. Cisapride in Ogilvie’s syndrome. Gastroenterology 99: 1194, 1990
Rajendran SK, Reiser JR, Bauman W, Zhang RL, Gordon SK, et al. Gastrointestinal transit after spinal cord injury: effect of cisapride. American Journal of Gastroenterology 87: 1614–1617, 1992
Reboa G, Arnulfo G, DiSomma C, Frascio M, Arzillo G, et al. Prokinetic effects of cisapride on normal and reduced antroduodenal motility and refluxes. Current Therapeutic Research 36: 18–23, 1984
Reeves JJ, Bunce KT, Humphrey PPA. Investigation into the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor mediating smooth muscle relaxation in the rat oesophagus. British Journal of Pharmacology 103 (1): 1067–1072, 1991
Reyntjens A, Veriinden M, DeCoster R, Janisch HD, Smout A, et al. Clinical pharmacological evidence for cisapride’s lack of antidopaminergic or direct cholinergic properties. Current Therapeutic Research 36: 1045–1052, 1984
Reyntjens A, Verlinden M, Schuermans V. Cisapride in the treatment of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 28 (Suppl. 1): 79–84, 1990
Rezende-Filho J, Di Lorenzo C, Dooley CP, Valenzuela JE. Cisapride stimulates antral motility and decreases biliary reflux in patients with severe dyspepsia. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 34 (7): 1057–1062, 1989
Richards RD, Valenzuela GA, Davenport KG, Fisher KLK, McCallum RW. Objective and subjective results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using cisapride to treat gastroparesis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 38: 811–816, 1993
Robertson CS, Evans DF, Ledingham SJ, Atkinson M. Cisapride in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 7: 181–190, 1993
Rocco A, Falaschi P, Aversa A, Baldelli R, Mori F, et al. Prolactin response to a single oral administration of cisapride and clebopride in normal males. Neuroendocrinology Letters 12: 373–381, 1990
Rode H, Stunden RJ, Miller AJW, Cywes S. Esophageal pH assessment of gastroesophageal reflux in 18 patients and the effect of two prokinetic agents: cisapride and metoclopramide. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 22: 931–934, 1987
Roine R, Heikkonen E, Salaspuro M. Cisapride enhances alcohol absorption and leads to high blood alcohol levels. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A507, 1992
Rothstein RD, Sample M, Reynolds JC. Electrogastrography in patients with idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis and the effect of long-term cisapride. American Journal of Gastroenterology 86: 1319, 1991
Rothstein RD, Alavi A, Reynolds JC. Electrogastrography in patients with gastroparesis and effect of long-term cisapride. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 38: 1518–1524, 1993
Rowbotham DJ, Milligan K, McHugh P. Effect of single doses of cisapride and ranitidine administered simultaneously on plasma concentrations of cisapride and ranitidine. British Journal of Anaesthesia 67: 302–305, 1991a
Rowbotham DJ, Milligan K, McHugh P. Effect of cisapride on morphine absorption after oral administration of sustained-release morphine. British Journal of Anaesthesia 67: 421–425, 1991b
Sabbatini F, Minieri M, Manzi G, Piai G, D’Angelo V, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of cisapride and clebopride in the management of chronic functional dyspepsia. A double-blind, randomized study. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology 23: 1–4, 1991
Savary M, Miller G. L’oesophage: Manuel et atlas D’endoscopie, pp. 135–139, Verlag Giasmann AG., Solothurn, Switzerland, 1977
Saye Z, Forget PP. Effect of cisapride on esophageal pH monitoring in children with reflux-associated bronchopulmonary disease. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 8: 327–332, 1989
Scarpignato C, Franzé A. Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying of solids and postprandial esophageal exposure to acid in healthy volunteers. Pharmacological Research 25 (Suppl. 2): 212–213, 1992
Scarpignato C, Franzé A. Gastric emptying of solids and esophageal exposure to acid in patients with GERD: effect of cisapride. Abstract. American Journal of Gastroenterology 88: A65, 1993
Schnegg JF, Thorens J, Dorta G, Fröhlich F, Gonvers JJ, et al. Effect of cisapride on gallbladder motility after successful ESWL. Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A333, 1992
Schuurkes JAJ, Meulemans AL, Obertop H, Akkermans LMA. 5-HT4 receptors on the human stomach. Abstract. Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 3: 199, 1991
Sekiguchi T, Nishioka T, Matsuzaki T, Sugiyama M, Kusano M, et al. Comparative efficacy of acid reflux inhibition by drug therapy in reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterologia Japonica 26: 137–144, 1991a
Sekiguchi T, Horikoshi T, Nishioka T, Kusano M, Matsuzaki T, et al. Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Interdigestive migrating complex (IMC) and effect of cisapride in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Journal of Smooth Muscle Research 27: 131–137, 1991b
Shiina Y, Miwa T. Phase I study of cisapride. Single oral dosing study. Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 16: 489–502, 1985
Simon B, Nonnenmacher A, Dammann HG, Müller P. Gastroprokinetika zur Behandlung des Magenulkus. Eine direkte Vergleichsstudie Cisaprid versus Ranitidin. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 28 (Suppl.1): 85–88, 1990
Stacher G, Gaupmann G, Steinringer H, Schneider C Stacher-Janotta G, et al. Effects of cisapride on postcibal jejunal motor activity. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 34: 1405–1410, 1989
Stacher G, Bergmann H, Gaupmann G, Schneider C, Kugi A, et al. Fat preload delays gastric emptying: reversal by cisapride. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 30: 839–845, 1990
Stacher G, Granser GV, Bergmann H, Kugi A, Stacher-Janotta G, et al. Slow gastric emptying induced by high fat content of meal accelerated by cisapride administered rectally. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 36: 1259–1265, 1991
Stacher G, Abatzi-Wenzel T-A, Wiesnagrotzki S, Bergmann H, Schneider C, et al. Gastric emptying, body weight and symptoms in primary anorexia nervosa. British Journal of Psychiatry 162: 398–402, 1993
Stagias JG, Zubal G, Traube M. Effects of long-term oral cisapride treatment in idiopathic gastric stasis syndrome. Abstract. Gastroenterology 104: A586, 1993
Staiano A, Cucchiara S, Andreotti MR, Minella R, Manzi G. Effect of cisapride on chronic idiopathic constipation in children. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 36: 733–736, 1991
Stanghellini V, Corinaldesi R, Ghidini C, Ricci Maccarini M, De Giorgio R, et al. Reversibility of gastrointestinal motor abnormalities in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Hepato-Gastroenterology 39: 34–38, 1992
Taniyama K, Nakayama S, Takeda K, Matsuyama S, Shirakawa J, et al. Cisapride stimulates motility of the intensive via the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 258: 1098–1104, 1991
Takahashi Y, Sakashita O, Sagara Y. Effect of cisapride on chronic gastritis. Shinryo to Shinyaku 28 (2): 45–52, 1991
Tatsuta M, Ishi H, Nakaizumi A, Okuda S. Effect of treatment with cisapride alone or in combination with domperidone on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal symptoms in dyspeptic patients. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 6: 221–228, 1992
Testoni PA, Bagnolo F, Fanti L, Passaretti S, Tittobello A. Long-term oral cisapride improves interdigestive antroduodenal motility in dyspeptic patients. Gut 31: 286–290, 1990a
Testoni PA, Masci E, Bagnolo F, Passaretti S, Pellegrini A, et al. Effect of long-term oral therapy with cisapride in reflux antral gastritis. Current Therapeutic Research 47: 156–165, 1990b
Testoni PA, Bagnolo F, Masci E, Toti G, Spinelli A, et al. Efficacy of cisapride in gastric ulcer: results of a double-blind randomized trial versus ranitidine and versus cisapride plus ranitidine. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 17: 5–9, 1993
Tollesson PO, Cassuto J, Rimbäck G, Faxén A, Bergman L, et al. Treatment of postoperative paralytic ileus with cisapride. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 26: 477–482, 1991
Tonini M, Candura SM, Onori L, Coccini T, Manzo L, et al. 5-Hydroxytryptamine4 receptor agonists facilitate cholinergic transmission in the circular muscle of guinea pig ileum: antagonism by tropisetron and DAU 6285. Life Sciences 50: PL173–PL178, 1992
Toussaint J, Gossuin A, Deruyterre M, Hublé F, Devis G. Healing and prevention of relapse of reflux oesophagitis by cisapride. Gut 32: 1280–1285, 1991
Tsukamoto Y, Naito Y, Segawa K, Yoshino J, Nakazawa S, et al. Clinical evaluation of cisapride in the treatment of digestive symptoms accompanying various problems of digestion. Advances in Therapy 9: 195–208, 1992
Tytgat GNJ. (Ed) Gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric stasis; pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy. Adis International Ltd., Chester, UK, 1991
Tytgat GNJ, Anker Hansen OJ, Carling L, de Groot GH, Geldof H, et al. Effect of cisapride on relapse of reflux oesophagitis, healed with an antisecretory drug. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 27: 175–183, 1992
Valenzuela G, Fisher K, Davenport K, Plankey M, McCallum RW. Long term subjective and objective effects of cisapride in the treatment of gastroparesis. Abstract. Gastroenterology 98: A399, 1990
Vandenplas Y, de Roy C, Sacre L. Cisapride decreases prolonged episodes of reflux in infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 12: 44–47, 1991
Van Der Milje HC, Beekhuis H, Bleichrodt RP, Kleibeuker JH. Cisapride in treatment of Roux-en-Y syndrome. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 36: 1691–1696, 1991
Vanderwinden J-M, Dassonville M, Van der Veken E, Cadranel S, De Laet M-H. Post-necrotising enterocolitis pseudo-obstruction treated with cisapride. Zeitschrift für Kinderchir 45: 282–285, 1990
Van Eygen M, Van Ravensteyn H. Effect of cisapride on excessive regurgitation in infants. Clinical Therapeutics 11: 669–677, 1989
Van Outryve M, Vanderlinden I, Dedullen G, Rutgeerts L. Dose-response study with cisapride in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Current Therapeutic Research 43: 408–415, 1988
Van Outryve M, Milo R, Toussaint J, Van Eeghem P. ‘Prokinetic’ treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. A placebo-controlled study of cisapride. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 13: 49–57, 1991
Van Outryve M, De Nutte N, Van Eeghem P, Gooris JP. Efficacy of cisapride in functional dyspepsia resistant to domperidone or metoclopramide: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28 (Suppl. 195): 47–53, 1993
Van Peer A, Verlinden M, Woestenborghs R, Meuldermans W, Heykants J, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of cisapride. In Johnson & Lux (Eds) Progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders: the role of cisapride, pp. 23–29, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1988
van Wyk M, Sommers DK, Moncrieff J. Influence of cisapride, metoclopramide and loperamide on gastric emptying of normal volunteers as measured by means of the area under the curve of the cumulative fraction absorbed-time profiles of paracetamol. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 14: 379–382, 1992
Veereman-Wauters G, Monbaliu J, Meuldermans W, Woestenborghs R, Verlinden M, et al. Study of the placental transfer of cisapride in sheep. Plasma levels in the pregnant ewe, the fetus and the lamb. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 19: 168–172, 1991
Verhaeghe J, Jaecques N, Rombouts J, Spaepen W, Cardon E, et al. Functional dyspepsia versus other functional gastrointestinal disorders: a practical approach in Belgian general practices. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28 (Suppl. 195): 25–35, 1993
Verlinden M, Reyntjens A, Schuermans V Safety profile of cisapride. In Johnson & Lux (Eds) Progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders: the role of cisapride, pp. 30–36, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 1988
Wallin L, Kruse-Andersen A, Madsen T, Boesby S. Effect of cisapride on the gastro-oesophageal function in normal human subjects. Digestion 37: 160–165, 1987
Wehrmann T, Caspary WF. Influence of cisapride on esophageal motility in healthy volunteers and patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Klinische Wochenschrift 68: 602–607, 1990
Wehrmann T, Lembcke B, Caspary WF. Influence of cisapride on antroduodenal motor function in healthy subjects and diabetics with autonomic neuropathy. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 5: 599–608, 1991
Weiser H, Hölscher A, Zimmerman T. Effects of cisapride and metoclopramide on the lower esophageal motility. A pressure and pH-metric study. Digestion 34: 142, 1986
Wienbeck M, Li Q. Cisapride on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: effects on oesophageal motility and intra-oesophageal pH. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 24 (Suppl. 165): 13–18, 1989
Wienbeck M, Ranpride Study Group II. Does motor stimulation by cisapride added to acid inhibition by H2-receptor blockade improve healing rates in patients with reflux oesophagitis?. International Symposium on Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal Motor Disorders, Adelaide, South Australia, 2–4 September, 1990
Wienbeck M, Reitz B, Barnert J, Schmidbaur W, Brassier R. Intrarectal application of cisapride: does it alter anorectal function in constipation and incontinence? Abstract. Gastroenterology 102: A534, 1992
Wolfsen HC, Patterson DJ. Long term cisapride treatment in patients with refractory diabetic gastropathy (DG). Abstract. American Journal of Gastroenterology 84: A134, 1989
Wood SF, Penney SC, Cochran KM. Cisapride in functional dyspepsia: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial in general practice patients. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 28 (Suppl. 195): 5–10, 1993
Young GP, Miller G, Szmulder G. Gastric symptoms and gastric emptying in anorexia nervosa: effect of cisapride. Gastroenterology 102: (Suppl. 4) 537, 1992
Ziegenhagen DJ, Glimm E, Kruis W, Zehnter E. Oral cisapride increases gallbladder volume in volunteers. Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 4: 119–123, 1992
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Various sections of the manuscript reviewed by: D.N. Bateman, Northern Regional Drug and Therapeutics Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England; J.R. Bennett, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, England; J.-F. Bergmann, Therapeutic Research Unit, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France; G. Bianchi Porro, Gastrointestinal Unit, Ospedale ‘L. Sacco’, Milano, Italy; M. Camilleri, Gastroenterology Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; J.P. Galmiche, Clinique des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Guillaume et René Laennec, Nantes, France; L. Marzio, Istituto di Patologia Medica, Ospedale ‘sS. Annunziata’, Chieti, Italy; R.D. Murray, Division of Gastroenterology, Columbus Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; G. Stacker, Psychophysiologisches Laboratorium, Vienna, Austria; G.N.J. Tytgat, Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; M. Van Wyk, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; P.J. Whorwell, University Hospital South Manchester, West Didsbury, Manchester, England; M. Wienbeck, Department of Internal Medicine III, Zentralklinikum, Augsburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wiseman, L.R., Faulds, D. Cisapride. Drugs 47, 116–152 (1994). https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199447010-00008
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199447010-00008