Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional cytokine that inhibits the growth of most types of cells and induces fibrosis of various tissues. TGF-beta binds to two different types of serine/threonine kinase receptors, and activate Smad proteins. Perturbation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway results in tumorigenesis of various tissues. TGF-beta/Smad signaling is regulated by several regulatory proteins, including inhibitory Smads and transcriptional corepressors. Abnormalities in these negative regulators of TGF-beta signaling may also involved in tumorigenesis of certain tissues.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / physiology
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Humans
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Neoplasms / etiology*
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Neoplasms / pathology
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Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
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Nuclear Proteins / physiology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / physiology
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / physiology
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
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Trans-Activators / metabolism
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Trans-Activators / physiology
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Transcription, Genetic
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / physiology*
Substances
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Nuclear Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Trans-Activators
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Transcription Factors
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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SKI protein, human