This clinical, double-blind, multicentre trial evaluates the long-term effect of ranitidine in patients dilated for peptic oesophageal strictures. Seventy-one consecutive outpatients were dilated with hydrostatic balloons to a diameter of 18-20 mm and randomized to a 1-year treatment with 300 mg ranitidine in the evening or with placebo. Endoscopies with measurement of the stricture size were performed before the initial dilatation, after 6 and 12 months, and in between when necessary. Symptoms and use of antacids were registered at inclusion and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Thirteen patients were withdrawn before study end point. Fifteen of 30 (50%) in the ranitidine group and 11 of 28 (39.3%) in the placebo group were redilated. The difference in disfavour of ranitidine was 10.7% (95% confidence interval, -14.9; 36.2%). Nor were there any statistically significant differences between the treatment groups with regard to stricture size at end point, symptoms, or use of antacids. In conclusion, there is no evidence of any clinically significant effect of a 1-year treatment with 300 mg ranitidine once daily after dilatation of peptic oesophageal strictures.