YB-1 expression promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer that is inhibited by a small molecule fisetin

Oncotarget. 2014 May 15;5(9):2462-74. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.1790.

Abstract

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. The transcription/translation regulatory Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is known to be associated with cancer metastasis. We observed that YB-1 expression increased with tumor grade and showed an inverse relationship with E-cadherin in a human PCa tissue array. Forced YB-1 expression induced a mesenchymal morphology that was associated with down regulation of epithelial markers. Silencing of YB-1 reversed mesenchymal features and decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PCa cells. YB-1 is activated directly via Akt mediated phosphorylation at Ser102 within the cold shock domain (CSD). We next identified fisetin as an inhibitor of YB-1 activation. Computational docking and molecular dynamics suggested that fisetin binds on the residues from β1 - β4 strands of CSD, hindering Akt's interaction with YB-1. Calculated free binding energy ranged from -11.9845 to -9.6273 kcal/mol. Plasmon Surface Resonance studies showed that fisetin binds to YB-1 with an affinity of approximately 35 µM, with both slow association and dissociation. Fisetin also inhibited EGF induced YB-1 phosphorylation and markers of EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively our data suggest that YB-1 induces EMT in PCa and identify fisetin as an inhibitor of its activation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Adhesion / drug effects
  • Cell Movement / drug effects*
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / drug effects*
  • Flavonoids / pharmacology*
  • Flavonols
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
  • Humans
  • Immunoenzyme Techniques
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Nude
  • Neoplasm Grading
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Prostate / cytology*
  • Prostate / drug effects
  • Prostate / metabolism
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology*
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Tissue Array Analysis
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
  • Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 / genetics
  • Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 / metabolism*

Substances

  • Flavonoids
  • Flavonols
  • RNA, Messenger
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Y-Box-Binding Protein 1
  • YBX1 protein, human
  • fisetin