The role of HLA antigens in the chronicity of viral hepatitis is still being debated. We analyzed the relation between HLA status and viral hepatitis in 558 consecutive haemodialyzed patients who underwent kidney transplantation. HLA A, B, DR status, ABO-Rh blood group, duration of haemodialysis, and number of blood units transfused during the dialysis period were known for all patients. Serological status for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus and results of liver biopsies were available in 495, 300 and 316 patients, respectively. After correction for the number of tests performed, frequencies of HLA antigens did not differ significantly for: 1. hepatitis B virus infection (compared to HBsAg-positive and anti-HBc and/or anti-HBs-positive nonvaccinated patients); 2. hepatitis C virus infection (compared to anti-HCV-negative and -positive patients); 3. histopathological status (compared to patients who had chronic viral hepatitis and those who did not). These results suggest that there is no evidence for a significant role of a particular HLA antigen in the development of chronic viral hepatitis in haemodialysis patients with similar underlying immunosuppression and exposure to infection by hepatotropic viruses.