Adipose tissue inflammation is considered a major contributing factor in the development of
obesity-associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. However, the cause of …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal
muscle by decreasing malonyl CoA concentrations. However, this may not explain the long …

Obesity is rapidly increasing and is of great public health concern worldwide. Although there
have been remarkable developments in obesity research over the past 10 years, the …

PURPOSE: Alpha-lipoic acid is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial respiratory enzymes
that improves mitochondrial function. We previously reported that alpha-lipoic acid markedly …

OBJECTIVE—Adiponectin is an important adipocytokine that improves insulin action and
reduces atherosclerotic processes. The plasma adiponectin level is paradoxically reduced …

Triglyceride accumulation in skeletal muscle contributes to insulin resistance in obesity. We
recently showed that α-lipoic acid (ALA) reduces body weight and prevents the development …

Fatty liver is common in obese subjects with insulin resistance. Hepatic expression of sterol
regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c), which plays a major role in hepatic …

Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are closely associated
with β-cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance. Thus, each of these factors …

Leptin and insulin are important anorexigenic hormones acting on the hypothalamus.
However, most obese humans and animals have reduced hypothalamic responses to leptin …

Increased oxidative stress in vascular cells plays a key role in the development of
endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is an important …