Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including
metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a
key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this …

Estrogens, and in particular 17β-estradiol (E2), play a pivotal role in sexual development
and reproduction and are also implicated in a large number of physiological processes …

The nonpolymorphic soluble HLA-G1 (sHLA-G1) isoform has been reported to be secreted
by trophoblast cells at the materno-fetal interface, suggesting that it may act as …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) activation functions AF-1 and AF-2 classically mediate gene
transcription in response to estradiol (E2). A fraction of ERα is targeted to plasma membrane …

Bone is a multi-skilled tissue, protecting major organs, regulating calcium phosphate
balance and producing hormones. Its development during childhood determines height and …

Endometriosis is a frequent and chronic inflammatory disease with impacts on reproduction,
health and quality of life. This disorder is highly estrogen-dependent and the purpose of …

Circulating human natural killer (NK) lymphocytes have been functionally defined by their
ability to exert cytotoxic activity against MHC class I-negative target cell lines, including …

Estetrol (E4) is a natural estrogen with a long half‐life produced only by the human fetal liver
during pregnancy. The crystal structures of the estrogen receptor α (ER α) ligand‐binding …

Introduction Estrogens used in women's healthcare have been associated with increased
risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and breast cancer. Estetrol (E4), an estrogen …