Background Recent evidence indicates that the composition of the gut microbiota
contributes to the development of metabolic disorders by affecting the physiology and …

Despite growing interest in the relationship between autophagy and systemic metabolism,
how global changes in autophagy affect metabolism remains unclear. Here we show that …

Summary The interleukin (IL)-17 family, consisting of six members, promotes host defense
but can in some context promote the development of autoimmune disease. Here, we …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that exhibits anti-
obesity and anti-diabetes effects. Because metformin is widely used as a glucose-lowering …

Consumption of a typical Western diet is a risk factor for several disorders. Metabolic
syndrome is the most common disease associated with intake of excess fat. However, the …

Autophagy, which is critical for the proper turnover of organelles such as endoplasmic
reticulum and mitochondria, affects diverse aspects of metabolism, and its dysregulation has …

Photoinactivation of photosystem II (PSII), the light–induced loss of ability to evolve oxygen,
is an inevitable event during normal photosynthesis, exacerbated by saturating light but …

The steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa has been used in traditional Oriental Medicine for
treatment of inner ear diseases, such as tinnitus and hearing loss. In the present study, we …

Abstract Photoinactivation of Photosystem II (PS II), the light-induced loss of ability to evolve
oxygen, inevitably occurs under any light environment in nature, counteracted by repair …

Seedling-lethal phenotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants that are defective
in early steps in the sterol biosynthetic pathway are not rescued by the exogenous …