Expression of the macrophage mannose receptor is inhibited by interferon gamma (IFN-
gamma), a T helper type 1 (Th-1)-derived lymphokine. Interleukin 4 (IL-4), a Th-2 lymphocyte …

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a pleiotrophic cytokine with immunomodulatory effects on a variety of
immune cells. Mice with a targeted disruption of the IFN-γ gene were generated. These mice …

BACKGROUND & AIMS:: The NOD2 gene, which is strongly associated with susceptibility to
Crohn's disease (CD) of the terminal ileum, interacts with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis
(UC), are complex chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that are driven …

Paneth cells are secretory intestinal epithelial cells located at the base of the crypts of
Lieberkühn in the small intestine. They display prominent cytoplasmic granules, containing …

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), mainly comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative
colitis (UC), is a chronic condition that primarily affects the intestine and is characterized by …

Background Endoscopic mucosal healing is an established treatment target for UC, yet the
value of achieving histological remission remains unclear. Aims To evaluate histological …

Background & Aims Interactions between commensal microbes and the immune system are
tightly regulated and maintain intestinal homeostasis, but little is known about these …

During gram-negative bacterial infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates primed
macrophages (Mφ) to release inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α …

Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing and remitting inflammatory condition of the
gastrointestinal tract. Treatment has changed radically over the past decade with the …