Test functions are important to validate and compare the performance of optimisation
algorithms. There have been many test or benchmark functions reported in the literature; …

The firefly algorithm has become an increasingly important tool of Swarm Intelligence that
has been applied in almost all areas of optimization, as well as engineering practice. Many …

Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, especially those based on swarm intelligence,
have attracted much attention in the last ten years. Firefly algorithm appeared in about five …

In this paper, we intend to formulate a new meta-heuristic algorithm, called Cuckoo Search
(CS), for solving optimization problems. This algorithm is based on the obligate brood …

Modern metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization and cuckoo search
start to demonstrate their power in dealing with tough optimization problems and even NP …

Metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization, firefly algorithm and harmony
search are now becoming powerful methods for solving many tough optimization problems …

Nature-inspired algorithms are among the most powerful algorithms for optimization. This
paper intends to provide a detailed description of a new Firefly Algorithm (FA) for multimodal …

Modern optimisation algorithms are often metaheuristic, and they are very promising in
solving NP-hard optimisation problems. In this paper, we show how to use the recently …

A new metaheuristic optimisation algorithm, called cuckoo search (CS), was developed
recently by Yang and Deb (2009). This paper presents a more extensive comparison study …

Flower pollination is an intriguing process in the natural world. Its evolutionary
characteristics can be used to design new optimization algorithms. In this paper, we propose …