Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B
- G L-H Wong1,2,
- V W-S Wong1,2,
- P C-L Choi3,
- A W-H Chan3,
- A M-L Chim1,2,
- K K-L Yiu1,2,
- H-Y Chan1,2,
- F K-L Chan1,2,
- J J-Y Sung1,2,
- H L-Y Chan1,2
- 1Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR, China
- 2Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR, China
- 3Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Dr H L Y Chan, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, 9/F Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; hlychan{at}cuhk.edu.hk
- Revised 19 August 2008
- Accepted 27 August 2008
- Published Online First 2 October 2008
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Whether metabolic syndrome affects the severity of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is unclear.
Aim: We aimed to study the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the risk of liver cirrhosis in patients with CHB.
Methods: We prospectively recruited patients with CHB from primary care and hospital clinics for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) with transient elastography to diagnose early cirrhosis. Probable cirrhosis was defined as LSM ≥13.4 kPa. We analysed a subgroup of patients with paired LSM and liver biopsies to validate the accuracy of LSM.
Results: 1466 patients had reliable LSM and 134 (9%) patients had adequate liver biopsy. 188 (13%) patients had metabolic syndrome. Histological liver cirrhosis was present in 32/134 (24%) patients. Histological liver cirrhosis was more common among patients who had metabolic syndrome (38%) versus those who did not (11%, p<0.001). The specificity of probable cirrhosis on LSM for histological cirrhosis was 94%. Probable cirrhosis was present in 187 (13%) patients. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in patients with probable cirrhosis (24%) than those without cirrhosis (11%, p<0.001). After adjustment for anthropometric, biochemical and virological factors, metabolic syndrome remained an independent factor associated with probable cirrhosis (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.6). The odds ratios of probable cirrhosis were 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.3), 2.6 (95% CI, 1.7 to 4.3), 4.1 (95% CI, 2.4 to 7.1), 4.0 (95% CI, 1.9 to 8.4) and 5.5 (95% CI, 1.8 to 16.7) in patients with one, two, three, four and five components of metabolic syndrome, respectively.
Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor of liver cirrhosis in CHB.
Footnotes
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Competing interests: FK-LC received an independent research grant and a consulting fee from Pfizer and was paid lecture fees by TAP Pharmaceuticals. JJ-YS received consulting fees from the National Health Research Institutes of Taipei, The Hong Kong Police Force, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, and the Hong Kong College of Physicians and was paid lecture fees by AstraZeneca Hong Kong Ltd, GSK Pharmaceuticals International, and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. HL-YC is a member of the advisory boards of Novartis Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Schering-Plough. The other authors do not have any competing interests.
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Ethics approval: The study protocol was approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong – New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee, on 21 June 2006.
